41 citations
,
December 2016 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone therapy and surgeries for transgender individuals affect their skin and hair, requiring specific dermatologic treatments and respectful care.
32 citations
,
April 1994 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” High androgen levels and genetic factors likely cause Becker's nevus and related symptoms.
24 citations
,
March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Testosterone treatment in transgender teens can worsen acne, requiring careful treatment due to mental health and medication side effects.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
5 citations
,
April 2014 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” AMH levels can't reliably tell the difference between LOCAH and all types of PCOS in women with excessive hair growth.
5 citations
,
October 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
3 citations
,
January 2008 in “Endocrine journal” A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.
2 citations
,
January 2011 in “Clinical medicine insights” Dutasteride is effective for treating prostate enlargement and reducing related surgery risk, but is not approved for preventing prostate cancer.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen are crucial for brain function and can improve cognition and protect against aging-related decline.
March 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.
December 2023 in “Annals of phytomedicine” Dutasteride is more effective than finasteride for hair loss treatment.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
September 2022 in “Curēus” The removed ovarian tumor was a rare type of blood vessel tumor that improved the patient's symptoms and hormone levels after surgery.
November 2021 in “Khyber Medical University Journal” A rare ovarian tumor caused a postmenopausal woman to develop male-like features, which improved after surgery.
December 2020 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.
October 2017 in “Springer eBooks” A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.
October 2014 in “Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology” Genetic testing for cancer risk can lead to early and life-saving treatments in people without symptoms.
December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.
20 citations
,
March 1975 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
March 1997 in “The Lancet” Hirsutism is abnormal male-pattern hair growth in females due to excess androgens.
6 citations
,
September 2024 in “Discover Psychology” Men use cosmetic surgery to feel and look better, often influenced by traditional masculinity ideals.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
19 citations
,
July 2013 in “The obstetrician & gynaecologist” The document concludes that careful evaluation is needed to diagnose PCOS correctly due to similar symptoms in other conditions, and accurate testosterone level measurement is crucial.
February 2022 in “Obstetrics and gynaecology cases - reviews” PCOS can cause unusual symptoms like late puberty and enlarged clitoris, making diagnosis difficult.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
105 citations
,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
21 citations
,
December 1977 in “Journal of pediatric surgery” Individuals with male pseudohermaphroditism often do better raised as females with early surgery.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” Thorough evaluation is crucial for postmenopausal women with virilization to detect rare ovarian tumors.