9 citations
,
November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
44 citations
,
December 2005 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors may better reduce estrogen levels.
March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.
11 citations
,
March 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.
4 citations
,
September 2010 in “Medical Hypotheses”
March 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.
3 citations
,
February 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.
43 citations
,
November 1975 in “Archives of Dermatology” Testosterone affects hair loss, acne, and excessive hair growth, and antiandrogens can help treat these conditions.
2 citations
,
September 2024 in “Animal Cells and Systems” Hepatitis B virus alters steroid hormones in male mice, reducing dihydrotestosterone to inhibit viral replication.
3 citations
,
June 2018 in “Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry” Compounds 4, 4b, and 4c effectively inhibit an enzyme linked to testosterone conversion without significant toxicity.
January 2008 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Finasteride may cause sexual and psychological side effects by affecting an enzyme related to epinephrine.
July 2007 in “Journal of Reproduction & Infertility” Short-term finasteride use likely doesn't harm male fertility.
2 citations
,
December 2017 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone increases acidification in the vas deferens by up-regulating V-ATPase.
41 citations
,
July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
30 citations
,
July 2019 in “Endocrinology” Certain HSD3B1 gene types are linked to worse prostate cancer outcomes and affect treatment response and other health conditions.
1 citations
,
July 2021 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” Father's finasteride use may affect son's fertility and testicular function.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
November 1993 in “PubMed” High levels of androgens can cause skin issues like acne, hair loss, and excessive hair growth.
3 citations
,
November 2013 in “PubMed”
30 citations
,
August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride doesn't affect hormone levels in normal men.
Finasteride and dutasteride can harm male reproductive health, affecting sperm and causing sexual dysfunction.
Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.
August 2019 in “Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)” DHT enhances androgen receptor activity more than testosterone, and MAGE-11 influences this activity through specific interactions.
12 citations
,
April 1995 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” The new compounds moderately block a specific enzyme and strongly counteract a male hormone, suggesting potential for treating certain male-related health conditions.
66 citations
,
March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Removing a testosterone-producing tumor cured a woman's sleep apnea and other symptoms.
1 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.
235 citations
,
September 2004 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Drugs that block DHT production can effectively treat enlarged prostate and improve urinary issues with some sexual side effects.
47 citations
,
October 2016 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Androgens prevent hair growth by changing Wnt signals in cells.
November 2025 in “Basic and Clinical Andrology” Male relatives of women with PCOS show similar health issues, suggesting a male version of the condition.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica” Finasteride treatment in male rats can reduce fertility and affect sperm development in their offspring.