13 citations
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October 2002 in “Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods” Men with male-pattern baldness have higher levels of certain testosterone metabolites and may have more active androgen metabolism.
12 citations
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January 2020 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” Testosterone may both worsen and protect against COVID-19 effects in men.
13 citations
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September 2017 in “Life sciences” Androgens may influence bladder cancer progression by affecting cellular behavior.
56 citations
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February 2006 in “American journal of physiology. Cell physiology” Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.
October 2022 in “Revista Eletrônica Acervo Médico” 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors can cause negative side effects.
306 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
12 citations
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January 2016 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” Testosterone therapy improved physical and social health in a male with 49,XXXXY syndrome.
72 citations
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November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Women with hair loss have higher androgen levels, while men with early balding have altered androgen ratios.
December 2015 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Estrogen speeds up hair follicle cell death, causing early hair growth cycle changes, but only if a specific receptor is present.
1 citations
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Rare ovarian tumors can cause hyperandrogenism, even if imaging appears normal.
8 citations
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February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
15 citations
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January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
62 citations
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January 2004 in “PubMed” 5alpha-reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride effectively treat BPH by reducing DHT, offering symptom relief and potential future uses.
February 1980 in “PubMed” 24 citations
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February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” The substance MK386 effectively blocked testosterone conversion and reduced cell growth in certain skin cells, but inhibiting 5α-reductase alone may not greatly improve acne.
1 citations
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December 2013 in “Urological Science” A man developed male breast cancer after four years of finasteride treatment for an enlarged prostate.
32 citations
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November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Antiandrogens can help treat skin conditions like acne and excessive hair in women when used carefully.
4 citations
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October 2007 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Glucocorticoids and sex hormones affect skin health, with potential for targeted treatments to minimize side effects and treat skin conditions.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma” Most 46XX CAH patients have female identity, but a few identify as male and may need treatment and surgery.
22 citations
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May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Certain finger length ratios and body hair patterns may predict side effects from birth control pills in women.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.
9 citations
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January 2009 in “PubMed” Finasteride treatment can decrease certain steroids and increase others, possibly leading to depression symptoms in some cases.
1 citations
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June 2021 in “Singapore Medical Journal” Dutasteride and finasteride can help increase hair growth gene expression but need further improvement.
41 citations
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March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
3 citations
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January 2001 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss and enlarged prostate in men, with mild side effects.
December 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Men with early balding showed higher levels of certain genes linked to hair loss and possibly prostate cancer.
1 citations
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December 2021 in “Androgens” Testosterone and its metabolites affect brain functions and could help treat neurological disorders.