9 citations
,
June 2002 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.
251 citations
,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
11 citations
,
November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.
13 citations
,
June 1989 in “Pediatric clinics of North America/The Pediatric clinics of North America” The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
21 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Transgender patients need proper skin care, especially when undergoing hormone treatments, to manage issues like acne and hair loss.
403 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.
166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
17 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” Early medical support for transgender youth is important for their health, with low regret for gender-affirming hormone use and a need for knowledgeable care providers.
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Inclusive and affirming healthcare is essential for improving transgender individuals' quality of life and health.
January 2012 in “S. Karger AG eBooks” The document concludes that transsexual individuals often experience improved quality of life after transitioning, despite higher risks of psychiatric issues and mortality.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
16 citations
,
January 2019 in “Kansas journal of medicine” Healthcare providers need better education and policies to serve transgender individuals effectively.
2295 citations
,
August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
126 citations
,
February 2017 in “JAMA Surgery” Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.
23 citations
,
October 2016 in “Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health” The document concludes that health care providers should offer culturally competent care and more research is needed to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals.
21 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The review highlights the need for more research on transgender dermatology, the role of dermatologists in gender affirmation, and the effects of hormone therapy on skin and hair.
17 citations
,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Transgender individuals face unique skin issues, often due to hormone therapy, requiring specialized and stigma-free dermatologic care.
17 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of Genetic Counseling” Genetic counselors should be culturally skilled and aware of transgender patients' unique health risks and needs.
4 citations
,
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormones are crucial for regulating body functions and imbalances can lead to health issues.
November 2018 in “International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research” PCOS is a hormonal disorder causing symptoms like irregular periods and acne, and increases the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Medicina” Hormone therapy improves mental well-being in transgender individuals but requires ongoing health monitoring.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
59 citations
,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
15 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
19 citations
,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.