1 citations
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April 2019 in “PubMed” The medulla in Asian scalp hair has a tubular structure that allows ions and large molecules to flow through it.
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November 2010 in “Journal of molecular medicine” FoxN1 gene is essential for proper thymus structure and preventing hair loss.
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January 1981 in “PubMed” Hair medullary cells in mammals vary in complexity, with humans having more structured cells similar to inner root sheath cells.
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March 2009 in “Hirosaki University Repository for Academic Resources (Hirosaki University)” Hirosaki hairless rats have sparse, twisted hair due to missing hair keratin genes.
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February 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Androgens significantly regulate hair keratin K37 expression.
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July 2019 in “Fibers And Polymers/Fibers and polymers” August 2025 in “Seminars in Nephrology” Regenerative repair is essential to prevent long-term kidney function issues after obstruction.
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January 1972 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure” April 2010 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” FoxN1 gene is crucial for proper thymus structure and normal skin appearance.
January 2008 in “Medical Entomology and Zoology” 248 citations
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
109 citations
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June 2000 in “Development” Notch pathway activation causes abnormal hair layer development.
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K25, K27, and K28 are found in all inner root sheath layers of hair, while K26 is only in the cuticle.
72 citations
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May 1993 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Trichohyalin in sheep hair follicles may help with structure and calcium binding.
65 citations
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February 1992 in “Development” Type II keratin genes are crucial for hair follicle differentiation and have a conserved structure and expression pattern.
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November 1963 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” Arginine converts to citrulline in hair follicles as proteins harden.
42 citations
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January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
31 citations
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December 2002 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. G, General subjects/Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects (Online)” The research found two types of calcium in human hair, one that varies among individuals and another that is consistent across people.
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July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
26 citations
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December 1990 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Two specific genes are more active during hair growth in mice.
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March 2002 in “Scanning” Confocal microscopy is better than scanning electron microscopy for studying hair in its natural state and understanding hair products' effects.
25 citations
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December 1973 in “Biochemical Journal” Guinea-pig hair and follicle proteins are mostly similar, but follicles have more group 2 proteins and fewer group 3 and 4 proteins.
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July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
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August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
18 citations
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November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
18 citations
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August 2009 in “Skin Research and Technology” OCT can identify hair structures, but chemical treatments can damage them.
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June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
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October 1992 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” Bubble hair deformity may be caused by hair shaft trauma and can improve with gentle hair care.