93 citations
,
July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K25, K27, and K28 are found in all inner root sheath layers of hair, while K26 is only in the cuticle.
72 citations
,
May 1993 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Trichohyalin in sheep hair follicles may help with structure and calcium binding.
71 citations
,
June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.
67 citations
,
December 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Msx2 and Foxn1 are both crucial for hair growth and health.
65 citations
,
February 1992 in “Development” Type II keratin genes are crucial for hair follicle differentiation and have a conserved structure and expression pattern.
57 citations
,
November 1987 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Children's hair grows in different types from before birth through puberty, with growth rates and characteristics varying by age, sex, and race.
53 citations
,
August 2019 in “American journal of human genetics” FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.
49 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The hHa7 gene is regulated by androgens in certain body hair, not scalp hair.
46 citations
,
July 2007 in “Journal of comparative neurology” Manatee whiskers are specially adapted for touch in water.
46 citations
,
November 1963 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” Arginine converts to citrulline in hair follicles as proteins harden.
42 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
34 citations
,
October 1982 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Moisture content significantly affects how human hair breaks.
31 citations
,
December 2002 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. G, General subjects/Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects (Online)” The research found two types of calcium in human hair, one that varies among individuals and another that is consistent across people.
30 citations
,
July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
26 citations
,
December 1990 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Two specific genes are more active during hair growth in mice.
25 citations
,
March 2002 in “Scanning” Confocal microscopy is better than scanning electron microscopy for studying hair in its natural state and understanding hair products' effects.
25 citations
,
December 1973 in “Biochemical Journal” Guinea-pig hair and follicle proteins are mostly similar, but follicles have more group 2 proteins and fewer group 3 and 4 proteins.
23 citations
,
January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
19 citations
,
July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
18 citations
,
August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
18 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
18 citations
,
August 2009 in “Skin Research and Technology” OCT can identify hair structures, but chemical treatments can damage them.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
16 citations
,
October 1992 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” Bubble hair deformity may be caused by hair shaft trauma and can improve with gentle hair care.
15 citations
,
August 2020 in “Analytical chemistry” Hair lipids do not protect against humidity.
15 citations
,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
14 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Intensive Care” Lithium poisoning can cause severe health complications and requires careful monitoring.
13 citations
,
March 2020 in “Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy” Alopecic hair has more irregular structures and chemical changes than normal hair, reducing its strength.
12 citations
,
February 2019 in “Skin research and technology” White hair has less lipid content and absorbs water differently than brown hair.
11 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal of cell science” Rac1 is essential for proper hair structure and color.