October 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Topical metformin gel is as effective and safe as steroids for treating alopecia areata.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Medroxyprogesterone acetate is as effective as oral contraceptives for resuming ovulation in women with PCOS.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.
42 citations
,
May 2009 in “Contraception” The oral contraceptive with ethinyl estradiol and chlormadinone acetate is effective in treating moderate acne.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Advanced Biomedical Research” Oral isotretinoin and cyproterone compound are equally effective for treating acne in women with cutaneous hyperandrogenism.
65 citations
,
October 2008 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” 74 citations
,
April 2002 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced acne effectively and had similar positive effects on skin oiliness and hair growth.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
10 citations
,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
1 citations
,
December 1971 in “PubMed”
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
October 2024 in “Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research” Topical methotrexate is more effective and as safe as betamethasone for treating alopecia areata.
June 2021 in “Pharmaceutical sciences” Flutamide emulgel with 1% Transcutol P absorbs better through the skin than other mixtures.
22 citations
,
June 2021 in “Plants” Sterculia foetida seed extract shows promise for therapeutic use due to its anti-inflammatory and pain-relief properties.
September 2023 in “Forum Dermatologicum” Dutasteride injections can help treat hair loss in men and women.
1 citations
,
August 2024 in “GeroScience”
53 citations
,
October 2012 in “The FASEB Journal” Bimatoprost, a glaucoma medication, may also help treat hair loss.
101 citations
,
January 1985 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Spironolactone is effective for treating acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia in women with few side effects.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
A new topical treatment using micelles shows promise for safer and more effective hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia.
November 2005 in “The Journal of Urology” 36 citations
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July 2005 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” Blocking certain brain processes reduces mating behavior in female rats.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
2 citations
,
May 2021 in “Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development” Clascoterone is safe for the heart, even at high doses.
2 citations
,
December 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Metabolic syndrome reduces effectiveness of hair loss treatment.