1 citations
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April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
21 citations
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November 2017 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Higher enzyme levels found in women with hair loss, suggesting hormone imbalance.
45 citations
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September 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The enzyme 17β-HSD type 2 mainly performs oxidation in human sebaceous glands, which may help protect against acne.
24 citations
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December 2018 in “Inflammation and Regeneration” Phospholipase A2 enzymes play key roles in skin health and disease.
12 citations
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February 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The enzyme type 1 5α-reductase is more active in the hair follicle's lower part than in the skin's outer layer.
April 2024 in “Communications biology” Enzymes involved in Vitamin A metabolism affect hair growth and type in mice.
January 2009 in “ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)” The P133R mutation in AKR1D1 enzyme causes harmful bile acid buildup, explaining related health issues.
218 citations
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December 2011 in “Advances in Urology” The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.
65 citations
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August 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” Human hair follicles can make and process prostaglandins, which may affect hair growth.
28 citations
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August 2003 in “Steroids” Hirsute women have lower type 2 17β-HSD enzyme levels, which improve with treatment.
April 2026 in “Communications Biology” The development of breeding tubercles in male zebrafish relies on a specific enzyme that processes hormones.
9 citations
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April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction” Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.
1 citations
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March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.
August 2025 in “Journal of Medical and Life Science” Women with PCOS in Missan Province have higher weight, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic issues.
4 citations
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January 2025 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Ceramide Synthase 4 is crucial for maintaining hair follicle stem cells and preventing hair loss.
4 citations
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May 2019 in “PubMed” Topical minoxidil does not change the activity of hair follicle enzymes that metabolize it.
36 citations
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June 2019 in “eLife” The study developed a tool to predict how gut microbes process foods and drugs, showing that similar compounds often share metabolic pathways and effects.
January 2025 in “Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters” Eicosanoids are crucial for skin health, and targeting their pathways may help treat skin conditions.
185 citations
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June 2011 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.
29 citations
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December 2017 in “Molecular therapy” Enzyme replacement therapy improved multiple symptoms of homocystinuria in mice.
23 citations
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February 2020 in “PLOS genetics” Mice with LSS deficiency showed hair loss and cataracts, similar to humans, and can help in understanding and treating this condition.
15 citations
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May 2002 in “PubMed” Hormones, especially DHT, affect hair loss and growth, and targeting specific enzymes may help treat hair loss.
1 citations
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July 2017 in “Microbial Cell Factories” Adding soybean oil to Nonomuraea dietziae increases production of a beneficial compound by improving metabolism and enzyme systems.
1 citations
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November 2011 in “British journal of pharmacology” Enzymes are classified into six types and are essential for many biological processes, with only a few targeted by drugs.
9 citations
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December 1987 in “Archives of Dermatology” Two genetic disorders affect biotin metabolism, causing severe skin, hair, and metabolic issues.
41 citations
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July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
25 citations
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November 1979 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Androgens affect skin conditions like acne and hair loss through specific biochemical pathways.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, which could be a new target for treating hair loss and other skin conditions driven by testosterone.
September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The reconstructed skin model from hair follicles functions like human skin in processing chemicals and can be used to test ingredient safety.