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GlossaryMHC class I

present protein fragments to cytotoxic T cells for immune response

MHC class I, or Major Histocompatibility Complex class I, are molecules found on the surface of almost all nucleated cells in the body. They play a crucial role in the immune system by presenting small fragments of proteins (peptides) from inside the cell to cytotoxic T cells. This helps the immune system recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells.

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research MHC Class I-Like MILL Molecules Are β2-Microglobulin-Associated, GPI-Anchored Glycoproteins That Do Not Require TAP for Cell Surface Expression

16 citations , September 2006 in “The Journal of Immunology”

MILL molecules are unique immune proteins in mice that don't need TAP to appear on cell surfaces.

T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

research T-cell “induced-self” MHC class I/peptide complexes may enable “de novo” tolerance induction to neo-antigens occurring outside of the thymus

8 citations , October 2016 in “Experimental dermatology”

Hair follicles may help teach the immune system to tolerate new self-antigens, but this can sometimes cause hair loss.

research Down-RANKing the Threat of HSV-1: RANKL Upregulates MHC-Class-I-Restricted Anti-Viral Immunity in Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

2 citations , November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

RANKL improves the immune response against herpes simplex virus by enhancing T cell activation and could help develop better treatments or vaccines.

Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen in 13 Cases of Familial Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: CYP21A2 Gene p.V281L Mutation from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Linked to HLA Class I Haplotype HLA-A*33:01; B*14:02; C*08:02 as a Genetic Marker

research Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen ( HLA ) in 13 cases of familial frontal fibrosing alopecia: CYP 21A2 gene p.V281L mutation from congenital adrenal hyperplasia linked to HLA class I haplotype HLA ‐ A33:01 ; B14:02; C*08:02 as a genetic marker

7 citations , January 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

A genetic marker linked to a type of hair loss was found in most patients studied.

research Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Extended Haplotypes Are Associated with Familial Alopecia Areata

44 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Certain genetic markers, especially the MICA gene, are linked to alopecia areata.

research Maintenance of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Is Linked to Prevention of NK Cell Attack

253 citations , December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Hair follicles prevent NK cell attacks to avoid hair loss.

research Lichen planopilaris is characterized by immune privilege collapse of the hair follicle's epithelial stem cell niche

220 citations , June 2013 in “The Journal of Pathology”

Lichen planopilaris may be an autoimmune disease causing hair loss due to immune system issues in hair follicles.

research Quiescent Tissue Stem Cells Evade Immune Surveillance

169 citations , February 2018 in “Immunity”

Inactive stem cells in hair follicles and muscles can avoid detection by the immune system.

research Immunology of the Human Nail Apparatus: The Nail Matrix Is a Site of Relative Immune Privilege

139 citations , October 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The nail matrix has a reduced immune response, protecting it from autoimmunity.

research Controlled Delivery of T-box21 Small Interfering RNA Ameliorates Autoimmune Alopecia (Alopecia Areata) in a C3H/HeJ Mouse Model

69 citations , February 2008 in “The American journal of pathology”

Controlled delivery of specific RNA and IL-4 restored hair growth in mice with autoimmune alopecia.

research Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) may award relative protection from interferon‐γ‐induced collapse of human hair follicle immune privilege

47 citations , December 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology”

CGRP may help protect hair follicles from immune system attacks, potentially slowing hair loss.

research Does collapse of immune privilege in the hair-follicle bulge play a role in the pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecia?

39 citations , November 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Immune privilege collapse in hair follicles may cause permanent hair loss in certain conditions.

research Can the Hair Follicle Become a Model for Studying Selected Aspects of Human Ocular Immune Privilege?

21 citations , June 2011 in “Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science”

Hair follicles could help develop eye treatments by studying immune responses.

research Self Prion Protein Peptides are Immunogenic in Lewis Rats

14 citations , December 2001 in “Journal of autoimmunity”

Rats can develop an immune response to prion protein peptides, but it may cause severe skin issues in older rats.

Exacerbation of Alopecia Areata During Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b and Ribavirin Therapy, Possibly Due to the Collapse of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

research Exacerbation of alopecia areata during pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin therapy, possibly due to the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege

10 citations , September 2014 in “European Journal of Dermatology”

A woman's hair loss worsened after starting hepatitis C treatment due to immune changes in her hair follicles.

research Two mouse mutations mapped to chromosome 11 with differing morphologies but similar progressive inflammatory alopecia

7 citations , May 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Two mouse mutations cause similar hair loss despite different skin changes.

research UVB-induced depletion of donor-derived dendritic cells prevents allograft rejection of immune-privileged hair follicles in humanized mice

6 citations , November 2018 in “American journal of transplantation”

UV light helped human hair transplants survive in mice without broad immunosuppression.

research Case of alopecia induced by sorafenib, possible mechanism similar to alopecia areata

4 citations , November 2017 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Sorafenib may cause hair loss in a way similar to alopecia areata.

research Immune privilege and alopecia areata

4 citations , April 2010 in “Expert review of dermatology”

Restoring immune privilege in hair follicles could help treat certain types of hair loss.

research Alopecia areata multiplex following autologous dermal micrograft injection for treatment of androgenetic alopecia

4 citations , May 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Hair loss treatment caused more hair loss in a man.

research 516 Possible role of ILC1 in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA)

3 citations , April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

ILC1 cells contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata.

Resident T Cell Activation Leads to Human Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Loss Ex Vivo, Which Is Prevented by the DHODH Inhibitor Farudodstat: Relevance for Alopecia Areata

research Resident T cell activation leads to human hair follicle immune privilege loss ex vivo, which is prevented by the DHODH inhibitor farudodstat: relevance for alopecia areata

April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Farudodstat may help prevent hair loss in alopecia areata by stopping immune attacks on hair follicles.

Resident T Cell Activation Leads to Human Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Loss Ex Vivo, Prevented by DHODH Inhibitor Farudodstat: Relevance for Alopecia Areata

research Image 1_Resident T cell activation leads to human hair follicle immune privilege loss ex vivo, which is prevented by the DHODH inhibitor farudodstat: relevance for alopecia areata.pdf

April 2026 in “Figshare”

Farudodstat can prevent hair follicle immune damage linked to alopecia areata.

Dandruff Is Associated With Perturbations of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege and the Infundibular and Epidermal Immune Microenvironment

research 584 Dandruff is associated with perturbations of hair follicle immune privilege, and the infundibular and epidermal immune microenvironment

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Dandruff is linked to changes in the immune system of hair follicles and skin.

research 022 Exploring the potential of the novel IFNγ aptamer TAGX-0003 as a treatment for alopeciaareata in pre-clinical models

October 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The new aptamer TAGX-0003 shows promise as an effective treatment for hair loss disorder alopecia areata.

research 431 Innate lymphoid cells type 1 may be new, non-antigen-specific player in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata

September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Innate lymphoid cells type 1 may contribute to alopecia areata.

research Coexistence of dermatomyositis and alopecia areata: Insight into pathogenesis

January 2018 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

DM and AA may share a common cause.

research Dandruff lesional scalp skin exhibits epidermal T cell infiltration and a weakened hair follicle immune privilege

March 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Dandruff is linked to increased T cells and weakened immune protection in hair follicles.

Pre-Clinical In-Vitro Assays for High Throughput Screening of Drug Candidates for Protection and Restoration of Immune Privilege in Alopecia Areata

research 1419 Pre-clinical in-vitro assays for high throughput screening of drug candidates for protection and restoration of immune privilege in alopecia areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The research developed methods to test drugs that could protect and restore hair follicle protection in a hair loss condition.

research 865 Single-cell protein activity inference analysis of full-thickness skin uncovers novel pathways and a rare Arg1+ macrophage population in AA

July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Arg1+ macrophages may play a role in Alopecia Areata, offering new treatment targets.