58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.
June 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
51 citations
,
February 2004 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” Control variability makes it hard to confirm low-dose endocrine effects.
13 citations
,
January 2005 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Smaller substituents at C-17 enhance the inhibitory activity of progesterone derivatives on 5alpha-reductase.
76 citations
,
May 2007 in “Menopause International” After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.
88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
Testosterone pellets may help women's sexual function but have safety concerns and need more research.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.
October 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” The combination treatment didn't work better than minoxidil alone and caused more menstrual issues.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)” Hormonal contraceptives may reduce social behavior and sexual motivation by lowering allopregnanolone levels.
September 2025 in “Toxicology” Long-term use of finasteride and minoxidil may harm male reproductive health in mice.
37 citations
,
September 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Intravaginal testosterone cream improves sexual satisfaction and reduces vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women on breast cancer treatment without affecting hormone levels.
11 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.
17 citations
,
September 2013 in “The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology” January 2026 in “SSRN Electronic Journal” 11 citations
,
November 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Gut microbes significantly affect brain steroid levels.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
37 citations
,
May 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” MK-386 lowers DHT in blood and skin but not in semen.
Finasteride worsens alcohol withdrawal in female mice but eases it in male mice.
April 2023 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Low doses of oral minoxidil, a hair loss treatment, can cause temporary morning swelling around the eyes, but it's not serious and can disappear with continued use or dose adjustment.
Finasteride affects prostate development differently in male and female Mongolian gerbils.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
1 citations
,
June 2025 in “Environmental Research” Most women had adequate essential elements except zinc, and lead levels were higher in peri-/post-menopausal women.
Testosterone therapy can safely and effectively treat symptoms like low libido and fatigue in women, especially after menopause.
12 citations
,
March 2017 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.
238 citations
,
February 2007 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Ovarian and stress hormones can change GABA A receptors through neurosteroids.
168 citations
,
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.