January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” Some botanical products may help increase hair growth in people with alopecia, but more research is needed.
August 2010 in “Oncology Times” Provenge extends prostate cancer survival by about 4 months.
75 citations
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March 2007 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” QSOX enzymes help form protein bonds in cells, especially in tissues with high secretory activity.
39 citations
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June 2012 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair structure during keratinization.
53 citations
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March 2006 in “Biopolymers” TTD hair is brittle due to fewer sulfur amino acids and unstable disulfide bonds.
22 citations
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November 2014 in “Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics” Cysteines in wool fibers are accessible and form important disulfide bonds.
11 citations
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April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new method using 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate effectively repairs and strengthens damaged hair.
1 citations
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January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
15 citations
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October 1936 in “Archives of Dermatology” Cystine is crucial for forming keratin in hair, wool, and nails.
May 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair's strength, especially when wet.
January 2026 in “Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry” A new, efficient method creates sulfinimidate esters from sulfenamides and alcohols without metals.
175 citations
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December 1980 in “Archives of Dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy is a condition with brittle hair and various physical and mental issues due to low sulfur in proteins.
2 citations
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September 1996 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Potassium cyanide changes hair's disulfide bonds to monosulfide, affecting high-sulfur proteins more.
January 2018 in “ScholarWorks @UVM (University of Vermont)” Selenium in proteins helps prevent over-oxidation and supports chemical reversibility.
2 citations
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January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
26 citations
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January 1983 in “PubMed” Trichothiodystrophy involves brittle hair due to low sulfur amino acids, not a transport defect.
January 2025 in “Journal of Medical Biochemistry” Superoxide dismutases help balance cell stress and may aid cancer treatment.
February 2020 in “The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan” 22 citations
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December 2020 in “mSphere” A fungal enzyme was used to make compounds more soluble, aiding drug discovery and crop protection.
January 2008 in “Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory” Cysteine formation on hair indicates damage, best detected at pH 4.5.
11 citations
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September 1996 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Potassium cyanide treatment changes hair's disulfide bonds, making it more elastic.
23 citations
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November 1964 in “Journal of Dairy Science” High molybdenum and sulfate sulfur levels can cause health issues in cattle, but adding copper helps.
1 citations
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January 2013 in “PubMed” Permanent wave treatment with thioglycolic acid changes hair structure by altering disulfide bonds.
11 citations
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January 1989 Two patients had a unique form of trichothiodystrophy with reduced high-sulfur proteins in their hair.
3 citations
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September 2018 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidized trichocyte keratin has a helical dislocation in its structure.
51 citations
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
September 2016 in “Journal of Engineering and Technological Science” Women with telogen effluvium have an imbalance in thiol-disulphide, suggesting oxidative stress may contribute to hair loss.
December 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Thiol/disulfide balance is normal in male AGA patients but shifts towards oxidative stress with emotional stress and low vitamin D.