September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Both SMS1 and SMS2 are crucial for normal hair growth and cycle in mice.
53 citations
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July 1981 in “Journal of Endocrinology” α-MSH and cyclic AMP boost melanin production, while cyclic GMP and melatonin reduce it.
28 citations
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August 2013 in “Hypertension” Potassium channel openers help form elastic fibers in arteries and can treat elastin deficiency and hypertension.
17 citations
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September 2014 in “PLoS ONE” SK2 channels help control sensory signals in rat muscle spindles and hair follicles.
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August 2024 in “Nature Communications” Quiescent cells have increased mitochondrial activity and ECM gene expression, but reduced glycolysis.
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May 2016 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Keratin's mechanical properties are influenced by hydrogen bonds and secondary structure, and can be improved with the SPD-2 peptide.
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February 1991 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”
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May 1992 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil sulfotransferase is a marker of keratinocyte differentiation and may play a role in hair growth.
20 citations
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April 2014 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Sulfotransferase in hair follicles helps predict how well minoxidil works for female hair loss.
202 citations
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August 2017 in “Nature cell biology” Lactate production is important for activating hair growth stem cells.
February 2026 in “Toxicology Letters” MK-0773 is a moderate inhibitor of the SRD5A2 enzyme.
Marine sponges from Tabuhan Island can inhibit enzymes linked to Alzheimer's and hair loss.
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April 2022 in “PLoS ONE” Vibration treatment may reduce migraine pain by changing cell structures.
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October 2005 in “Analytical Sciences” A new method was developed to measure and assess the activity and inhibition of the enzyme steroid 5α-reductase.
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March 2002 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Food deprivation increases MST enzyme in the brain, possibly affecting energy balance.
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August 2024 in “Biomacromolecules” The model helps test drugs for clubfoot fibrosis by mimicking cell environments and shows minoxidil reduces harmful collagen links.
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September 2022 in “Molecular pharmacology” KATP channels are important for energy balance and are targeted by drugs for diabetes, hypoglycemia, hypertension, and hair loss.
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September 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The enzyme 17β-HSD type 2 mainly performs oxidation in human sebaceous glands, which may help protect against acne.
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March 2012 in “Mass spectrometry letters” The S9 fraction with GC-IDMS is effective for measuring 5α-reductase activity.
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September 2023 in “Applied sciences (Basel)” Ishige sinicola extract may help prevent muscle atrophy through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
April 2011 in “The FASEB Journal” Profilin1 speeds up wound healing.
155 citations
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October 2002 in “The FASEB Journal” Heart-specific steroid metabolism is crucial in cardiac hypertrophy.
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February 1998 in “Chemico-Biological Interactions” Minoxidil breakdown varies by enzymes, affecting hair loss treatment effectiveness.
30 citations
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October 2021 in “Scientific Reports” Inhibiting glycogen metabolism can promote hair growth.
August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Changing protein kinase levels in pituitary cells affects calcium flow and beta-endorphin release.
The protein's size was reduced, but more work is needed to confirm its function.
20 citations
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January 1994 in “Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics” Minoxidil needs specific structure to block lysyl hydroxylase; exploring alternatives may keep benefits without this effect.
1 citations
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April 2023 in “Science Advances” High levels of ERK activity are key for tissue regeneration in spiny mice, and activating ERK can potentially redirect scar-forming healing towards regenerative healing in mammals.
32 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minoxidil helps hair growth by activating enzymes in hair follicles.
June 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Male hormones and reduced plakoglobin can impair heart electrical function and increase arrhythmia risk in males.