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GlossaryNeural Differentiation

process where stem cells become specialized nerve cells

Neural differentiation, also known as neuronal differentiation, is the process by which stem cells or progenitor cells develop into specialized nerve cells, or neurons. This involves a series of genetic and biochemical changes that enable these cells to acquire the unique structures and functions necessary for transmitting nerve impulses and forming complex neural networks.

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research Multipotent Neural Crest Stem Cell-Like Cells from Rat Vibrissa Dermal Papilla Induce Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells

10 citations , January 2014 in “BioMed research international”

Rat whisker cells can help turn other cells into nerve cells and might be used to treat brain injuries or diseases.

research Lithium chloride promotes the odontoblast differentiation of hair follicle neural crest cells by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling

16 citations , July 2014 in “Cell Biology International”

Lithium chloride helps hair follicle cells become tooth cells by activating a specific signaling pathway.

Enhanced Viability and Neural Differentiation Potential in Poor Post-Thaw Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Agarose Multi-Well Dishes and Spheroid Culture

research Enhanced viability and neural differential potential in poor post-thaw hADSCs by agarose multi-well dishes and spheroid culture

15 citations , June 2015 in “Human Cell”

Spheroid culture in agarose dishes improves survival and nerve cell growth in thawed human fat-derived stem cells.

research Hair follicle stem cells:In vitroandin vivoneural differentiation

25 citations , January 2015 in “World journal of stem cells”

Hair follicle stem cells can become different cell types and may help treat neurodegenerative disorders.

research Differentiation of nestin-negative human hair follicle outer root sheath cells into neurons in vitro

5 citations , January 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

Human hair follicle cells can be turned into neural stem cell-like cells, which might help treat brain diseases.

research Comparative gene expression analysis of nestin-expressing hair follicle-derived cells

June 2026 in “Scientific Reports”

Nestin-expressing hair follicle cells may be useful for nerve repair and regeneration.

research The in vitro plasticity of hair follicle dermal and mesenchymal stem cells

January 2008 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)”

Hair follicle stem cells are similar to mesenchymal stem cells and can become neural-like cells under certain conditions.

research Human Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Lower Dermal Sheath as a Competitive Alternative for Immunomodulation

7 citations , January 2022 in “Biomedicines”

Cells from the lower part of hair follicles are a promising, less invasive option for immune system therapies.

research CD34 defines melanocyte stem cell subpopulations with distinct regenerative properties

41 citations , April 2019 in “PLOS genetics”

CD34+ and CD34- melanocyte stem cells have different regenerative abilities.

research miR‐124 promotes neural differentiation in mouse bulge stem cells by repressing Ptbp1 and Sox9

28 citations , November 2018 in “Journal of cellular physiology”

miR-124 helps mouse hair follicle stem cells become nerve cells by blocking Ptbp1 and Sox9.

Neural, Adipocyte and Hepatic Differentiation Potential of Primary and Secondary Hair Folicle Stem Cells Isolated from Arbas Cashmere Goats

research Neural, adipocyte and hepatic differentiation potential of primary and secondary hair follicle stem cells isolated from Arbas Cashmere goats

2 citations , August 2022 in “BMC veterinary research”

Hair follicle stem cells from Arbas Cashmere goats can become fat, nerve, and liver cells.

research Induction of osteoblastic differentiation of neural crest-derived stem cells from hair follicles

17 citations , April 2017 in “PLoS ONE”

Hair follicle cells can become bone-like cells, useful for bone repair.

Nestin as a Marker of Unipotent Epithelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation into Outer Root Sheath Keratinocytes in Embryonic and Adult Hair Follicles

research Nestin as a marker of unipotent epithelial progenitor cell differentiation into outer root sheath keratinocytes in embryonic and adult hair follicles

May 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Nestin marks cells that can become a specific type of skin cell in hair follicles of both developing and adult mice.

research Progenitor cells expressing nestin, a neural crest stem cell marker, differentiate into outer root sheath keratinocytes

12 citations , July 2019 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

Nestin-expressing progenitor cells become outer root sheath keratinocytes.

research Study on Effect of Head, Tail, and Limbud extracts of Mouse on Differentiation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells to Neural cells

May 2014 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)”

Higher concentrations of mouse embryo tissue extracts effectively turn hair follicle stem cells into neural cells.

research Existence of Neural Crest–Derived Progenitor Cells in Normal and Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy Corneal Endothelium

44 citations , September 2016 in “American Journal Of Pathology”

Neural crest-derived progenitor cells in the cornea could help treat corneal issues without transplants.

research EGF–FGF2 stimulates the proliferation and improves the neuronal commitment of mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs)

29 citations , June 2014 in “Experimental Cell Research”

EGF–FGF2 helps mouse stem cells grow and become more like nerve cells.

research BULGE CELLS OF RAT HAIR FOLLICLES: ISOLATION, CULTIVATION, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES

17 citations , May 2010

Rat hair follicle bulge cells can become nerve and glial cells, showing potential for neuroprotection.

research Developmental Regulation of Prion Expression in Cattle and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

July 2008 in “VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)”

PrPC is important for neural differentiation in cattle and mouse embryonic stem cells.

research From hair to heart: nestin-expressing hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells differentiate to beating cardiac muscle cells

64 citations , May 2015 in “Cell Cycle”

Hair follicle stem cells can become heart muscle cells.

research CD49fhigh Defines a Distinct Skin Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population Capable of Hair Follicle Epithelial Cell Maintenance

11 citations , September 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A specific group of skin stem cells was found to help maintain hair follicle cells.

research Directing Rat Hair Follicle Stem Cells Toward Neuronal Lineage With Enhanced Trophic Factor Expression

September 2024 in “Advanced Biomedical Research”

Chick embryo extract helps rat hair follicle stem cells become more like neurons.

research Self-Assembled Peptide Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine

August 2023 in “Gels”

Peptide hydrogels show promise for healing skin, bone, and nerves but need improvement in stability and compatibility.

research Comparative Analysis of Biological Properties of Large-Scale Expanded Adult Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from Human Hair Follicle and Skin Dermis

11 citations , February 2019 in “Stem cells international”

Skin-derived stem cells grow faster and are easier to obtain than hair follicle stem cells, but both can become various cell types.

research Hypoxia Enhances Differentiation of Hair Follicle-Associated-Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells to Cardiac-Muscle Cells

13 citations , September 2016 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

Low oxygen levels help hair follicle stem cells turn into heart muscle cells faster.

research In Vitro differentiation of hair-follicle bulge stem cells into synaptophysin-expressing neurons: a potential new approach for neuro-regeneration

November 2024 in “Human Cell”

Hair follicle stem cells can be turned into neuron-like cells, offering a new way for brain repair.

research TTNPB Promotes Human Pluripotent Stem Cell‐to‐Neural Stem Cell Transition via Modulation of Chromatin Accessibility and the S‐(5′‐adenosyl)‐L‐homocysteine/Choline Metabolic Network

February 2026 in “Advanced Science”

TTNPB helps turn stem cells into neural stem cells, improving depression-like behaviors in rats.

research Developmentally regulated expression of integrin alpha-6 distinguishes neural crest derivatives in the skin

5 citations , May 2023 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Integrin α6 helps identify different neural crest cell types in the skin.

research A Potential Differentiation of Adipose and Hair Follicle-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Generate Neurons Induced with EGF, FGF, PDGF and Forskolin

14 citations , January 2020 in “Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology”

Fat and hair follicle stem cells can become neurons, useful for treating brain diseases.

Characterization And Neural Differentiation In Vitro Of Stem Cells From Human Deciduous Tooth Pulp

research Caracterização e diferenciação neural in vitro de células-tronco de polpa de dente decíduo humano

1 citations , November 2015

Dental pulp stem cells might not reliably become neurons.