197 citations
,
January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
47 citations
,
September 2016 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.
5 citations
,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
37 citations
,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
56 citations
,
July 2014 in “PloS one” SARMs may be an effective treatment for a certain type of breast cancer by blocking cancer growth and spread.
19 citations
,
July 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” GTx-024 and Danazol affect the uterus like DHT, while GTx-007 has little impact.
13 citations
,
February 2021 in “Brain Sciences” Androgens improve memory in adolescent male rats by acting on brain receptors.
19 citations
,
May 2020 in “American journal of men's health” Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.
55 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
89 citations
,
August 2013 in “PloS one” Androgen receptors are active in many tissues of both male and female mice, not just reproductive organs.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” SARMs show promise but need more evidence to prove they're better than traditional androgens.
43 citations
,
April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
5 citations
,
May 2018 in “Therapeutic advances in drug safety” Androgen use may increase the risk of stroke, but more research is needed.
13 citations
,
May 2007 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Synthetic 19-norprogestins promote bone cell growth and function through their non-phenolic metabolites.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
65 citations
,
April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
12 citations
,
March 2017 in “Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology” Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
63 citations
,
January 2010 in “Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience” 3α-androstanediol helps reduce age-related cognitive and mood declines in male rats, unlike testosterone.
11 citations
,
November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
4 citations
,
June 2017 in “Endocrine Reviews” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.
173 citations
,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
November 2023 in “Scientific reports” The research identified and described a gene important for hormone conversion in endangered catfish, which varies in activity during different reproductive stages and after hormone treatment.
15 citations
,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
10 citations
,
December 2017 in “Chemosphere” Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.
53 citations
,
July 2014 in “American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone boosts red blood cell production and changes iron metabolism without needing dihydrotestosterone.
39 citations
,
April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
December 2016 in “University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)” Steroid-producing capabilities in certain cancers may contribute to treatment resistance.
February 2026 in “Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy” High-dose radioactive iodine therapy does not harm fertility in thyroidectomy patients.