33 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex and stress steroids quickly change brain cell structures in the hippocampus.
41 citations
,
October 2019 in “Biomolecules” Retinoic acid can either maintain stem cells or make them specialize, depending on the cell type.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” SARMs show promise but need more evidence to prove they're better than traditional androgens.
170 citations
,
January 2010 in “animal” Hair follicle growth and fiber production in animals are influenced by chemical signals, proteins, pigmentation, genetics, and nutrients.
62 citations
,
August 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.
15 citations
,
April 2017 in “Hormones” Genetic defects in the glucocorticoid receptor gene can cause conditions with abnormal sensitivity to stress hormones, and other factors may also affect this sensitivity.
14 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Non-liganded Vitamin D Receptor is crucial for healthy skin and hair.
31 citations
,
March 2010 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Androgens like testosterone increase colon muscle contractions by affecting calcium pathways.
277 citations
,
July 2002 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.
3 citations
,
April 2024 in “Molecular Human Reproduction” Paxillin may help manage androgen-related disorders like PCOS by stabilizing androgen receptor proteins.
1 citations
,
May 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.
18 citations
,
October 2014 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” Eating vitamin A affects hair growth and health by changing cell signals in mice.
11 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly affects cartilage growth and development.
4 citations
,
May 2019 in “Physiology & Behavior” Cocaine impairs male sexual behavior and alters testosterone metabolism in the brain.
48 citations
,
February 2013 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A protein called FERONIA helps control root hair growth in response to cold and low nitrogen by activating nutrient-sensing pathways in a plant called Arabidopsis.
July 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” G-1 promotes hair growth in female mice by activating specific signaling pathways.
4 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Testosterone may worsen hair loss by affecting hair growth signals, while different prostaglandins can either hinder or promote hair growth.
150 citations
,
April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.
18 citations
,
February 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PGD2 increases androgen receptor activity in hair cells, which could be targeted to treat hair loss.
38 citations
,
December 2009 in “Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology” The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.
11 citations
,
February 2016 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” New treatments for prostate cancer and BPH show promise, including novel compounds that target hormone synthesis and response.
658 citations
,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
159 citations
,
July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
May 2025 in “Antioxidants” Natural products show promise for treating diseases but need more research to understand and use them effectively.
68 citations
,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
6 citations
,
June 2021 in “Developmental biology” Dermal EZH2 controls skin cell development and hair growth in mice.
3 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Testosterone can both promote hair growth and cause baldness by affecting hair growth signals.
November 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Dermal EZH2 controls skin cell growth and differentiation in mice.