68 citations
,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
March 2002 in “Reactions Weekly” Some birth control pills increase blood clot risk; use them for specific conditions only.
15 citations
,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
20 citations
,
April 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility” July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
1 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” The treatment slightly increased hair growth and was safe for most women.
14 citations
,
April 2005 in “African Journal of Reproductive Health” Contraceptive implants are effective, long-lasting, and safe with manageable side effects.
50 citations
,
December 2006 in “Bone” Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Low estrogen due to poor nutrition can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
33 citations
,
January 1979 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Diane® is an effective contraceptive that also helps treat acne and mild hair growth issues.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
5 citations
,
July 2020 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced hirsutism in PCOS patients, but adding metformin showed no extra benefit.
61 citations
,
January 1970 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” 94 citations
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August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” 17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin hormone levels change significantly after menopause.
22 citations
,
January 2019 in “Climacteric” Oophorectomy lowers testosterone and estrogen levels in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with postmenopausal women still producing significant testosterone.
1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
37 citations
,
September 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Intravaginal testosterone cream improves sexual satisfaction and reduces vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women on breast cancer treatment without affecting hormone levels.
37 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A substance called Compound 2g can strongly block STS (a hormone-related enzyme) without affecting estrogen levels, making it potentially good for treating breast cancer.
1 citations
,
March 2017 in “European Journal of Cancer Prevention” COCs often cause nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, while Depo-Provera is linked to weight gain.
9 citations
,
November 2008 in “Journal of Womens Health” Researchers had trouble finding enough participants for a trial on DHEA's effects on postmenopausal women's sexual desire.
41 citations
,
November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “JAAD case reports” A woman developed a severe skin reaction after getting a birth control implant.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.
Testosterone therapy may help women with low sexual desire after surgical menopause.
September 2023 in “Biology of reproduction” New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.
515 citations
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April 2003 in “Endocrine Reviews” Androgens and DHEA can help prevent breast cancer and improve health in women.