October 2025 in “Frontiers in Toxicology” A new method effectively predicts estrogen-related health effects for early screening.
April 2022 in “Reactions Weekly” March 1997 in “Fertility and sterility” Finasteride is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for hirsutism.
October 2021 in “Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council” Cyproterone acetate improves skin symptoms and quality of life in women with androgen-related issues.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Endocrinology” 9 citations
,
August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”
5 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecologic and obstetric investigation” Cyproterone acetate implants were more effective at reducing facial hair and improving skin in severe hirsutism than oral treatment.
7 citations
,
January 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone with dutasteride improves muscle strength and body composition in trans men.
36 citations
,
July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of ethynylestradiol in rats caused growth issues, organ changes, and some tumors, but didn't increase overall tumor rates.
14 citations
,
February 1994 in “Tetrahedron Letters” Adding cerium(III) chloride to Grignard reagents improves the making of compounds that could treat prostate issues and hair loss.
11 citations
,
January 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” LY320236 is a strong blocker of two enzymes that change testosterone into dihydrotestosterone and might help treat conditions related to male hormones.
5 citations
,
January 1984 in “Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology/Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology” The treatment reduced hair growth and testosterone in women with excess hair and had some effects on stress responses.
2 citations
,
February 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Antiandrogenic pretreatment for women with PCOS does not improve fertility outcomes and delays pregnancy.
49 citations
,
February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
March 2018 in “Chin J Reprod Contracep” Chlormadinone acetate is useful for birth control and treating various hormonal issues.
January 2004 in “Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)” Finasteride blocks progesterone's effect on brain activity linked to epilepsy.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
26 citations
,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
2 citations
,
September 1992 in “Steroids” New A-homo-B, 19-dinor steroids showed strong antiandrogenic activity without affecting the enzyme 5α-reductase or androgen receptor binding.
23 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.
5 citations
,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
26 citations
,
January 1994 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Taking spironolactone and linestrenol for androgen excess can lead to lower bone density in young women.
22 citations
,
January 2015 in “The Cochrane library” DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.
4 citations
,
August 2010 in “Acta Biologica Hungarica” New steroidal compounds moderately block an enzyme related to testosterone conversion, less effectively than finasteride.
1 citations
,
September 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” PCOS women have more severe metabolic issues and higher androgen levels than hyperandrogenic women without PCOS.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
Testosterone pellets may help women's sexual function but have safety concerns and need more research.
September 2018 in “Reactions Weekly” Two women had skin reactions from a hair loss treatment and got better after stopping use.
82 citations
,
February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.