21 citations
,
October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy helped 63% of androgen-deficient women grow scalp hair, but more research is needed.
159 citations
,
July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
17 citations
,
March 2016 in “Liver international” Men with advanced liver disease and high oestrone and low testosterone levels have worse health outcomes.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
68 citations
,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
27 citations
,
April 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” DHT deficiency can disrupt cell connections in rat testes, possibly affecting fertility.
14 citations
,
December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The study concluded that both estrogen and androgen receptors, which decrease with age, are linked to skin aging and may be hormonally regulated.
7 citations
,
March 2012 in “European Journal of Pediatrics” A boy with a rare skin condition and kidney disease improved with cyclosporine after steroids failed, suggesting a new treatment approach.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
94 citations
,
July 2020 in “European Journal of Human Genetics” The guidelines ensure accurate genetic testing and reporting for 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen are crucial for brain function and can improve cognition and protect against aging-related decline.
117 citations
,
May 2017 in “Human Reproduction Update” The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.
September 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Certain hormone levels can help diagnose P450 oxidoreductase deficiency.
August 2024 in “IAHS Medical Journal” Low vitamin D and ferritin levels are linked to female hair loss.
39 citations
,
April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
21 citations
,
January 2020 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.
14 citations
,
February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.
13 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
5 citations
,
May 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency can have successful pregnancies through IVF, with certain factors affecting their chances.
44 citations
,
October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Menopause significantly reduces skin collagen, leading to thinner, less elastic skin, and hormone replacement may help but requires careful consideration.
149 citations
,
January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
99 citations
,
June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
28 citations
,
January 2009 in “Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters” DHT deficiency increases iNOS expression in rat testis and epididymis.
18 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.
1 citations
,
July 1996 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Routine thyroid tests for diffuse alopecia in women may not be necessary, but checking for iron deficiency anemia could be useful.
A mix of Polygonatum sibiricum and Nelumbinis semen may ease menopause symptoms with fewer side effects.
November 2004 in “Medical Journal of Indonesia” Hormonal imbalances can cause skin and hair problems in women, and treatments that block male hormones can help.