1265 citations
,
October 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.
11 citations
,
April 2017 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Cyproterone acetate with ethinyl estradiol is effective for treating skin symptoms related to high androgen levels, like in PCOS.
Depressed teens have different steroid levels in urine, which may help identify and treat them.
59 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
40 citations
,
March 2014 in “Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care” PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, marked by high androgen levels and often seen in 20% of women via ultrasound.
November 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Hair steroid profiling is a feasible, non-invasive alternative to serum analysis for assessing hormone levels and metabolism.
Antiepileptic drugs can cause cosmetic side effects and affect menstrual cycles, fertility, and bone health in women with epilepsy.
43 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate is effective for treating hirsutism and acne but less so for hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.
41 citations
,
February 1970 in “Archives of Dermatology” Oral contraceptives can cause skin issues like dark patches, acne, yeast infections, sensitivity to light, spider veins, skin rashes, and hair loss.
3 citations
,
January 2007 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that individualized treatment and lifestyle changes are important for managing menopause symptoms and health risks.
10 citations
,
December 2002 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Cyproterone acetate can cause rare shortness of breath in women.
46 citations
,
January 2007 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Birth control pills increase the risk of blood clots, especially within the first year and with certain types.
18 citations
,
March 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” The document suggests that blocking sweat glands with antiperspirants might allow skin-generated hormones to be absorbed, possibly increasing breast and prostate cancer risk.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
11 citations
,
February 1980 in “BMJ. British medical journal” Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Manage PCOS in primary care with weight loss, psychological support, medication, and monitoring for health risks.
34 citations
,
May 2013 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hair growth slows and shedding increases after childbirth, but most women don't experience excessive hair loss.
55 citations
,
March 2000 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.
9 citations
,
April 2015 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Hormonal therapies, like flutamide and cyproterone acetate, are safe and effective for treating adult women's acne, especially those with hormone imbalance or resistant acne.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Biology and medicine” High testosterone levels in 20% of the women studied may indicate PCOS, while 80% had low levels with potential health impacts.
April 2006 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.
22 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Newer low-dose oral contraceptives with less androgenic effects improve patient compliance.
210 citations
,
November 2015 in “The Lancet HIV” PrEP for HIV is less effective in transgender women mainly due to low adherence to the treatment.
19 citations
,
September 2004 in “Reviews in gynaecological practice” Effective hirsutism management requires identifying the cause, combining new and traditional treatments, and setting realistic expectations for patients.
52 citations
,
June 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The research found that anovulatory young women have higher androgen and hormone levels than those who ovulate, suggesting immature hormonal regulation rather than a specific condition.
49 citations
,
February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
34 citations
,
June 2010 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood” Menstrual disorders are common in adolescents and can be influenced by weight, activity, and health issues, requiring careful evaluation and more research for effective treatment.
31 citations
,
May 2012 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Menopause affects hair and skin; more research needed for treatment.
30 citations
,
April 1997 in “European journal of endocrinology” The document concludes that managing hirsutism involves identifying the cause, using a scoring system for severity, combining cosmetic and medical treatments, encouraging weight loss, and providing psychological support, while noting the need for more research on drug treatments.
21 citations
,
January 2003 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” The document concludes that various drugs can manage symptoms and metabolic issues in women with PCOS.