May 2024 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Finasteride treatment may cause erectile dysfunction, but stopping it reverses these effects.
Introducing the OTC gene improved symptoms in mice with OTC deficiency.
Problems with arginine processing in hair follicles might contribute to common hair loss, and arginine supplements could help treat it.
April 2025 in “Experimental Eye Research” The Oat mouse model shows mild retinal degeneration, useful for testing treatments.
33 citations
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August 1993 in “FEBS Letters” A new enzyme in rats may help regulate hair growth.
26 citations
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March 2006 in “Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders. Drug targets” This enzyme helps metabolize fatty acids and isoleucine, and could be key in treating neurological diseases and certain cancers.
39 citations
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August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
10 citations
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September 2019 in “Experimental Eye Research” The enzyme RDH12 plays a role in vision and retinal disease, with mutations leading to early onset visual loss and blindness, but the exact disease mechanism is unclear and there are no treatments yet.
3 citations
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April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” A more sensitive assay was developed to detect enzyme activity converting arginine to citrulline in hair follicles.
45 citations
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January 1977 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.
7 citations
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January 1971 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The enzyme Dgat1 is essential for healthy hair and skin by controlling retinoid levels.
May 2026 in “BMC Medicine” 232 citations
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January 2002 in “Mechanisms of development” Different enzymes are active in different parts of developing mouse organs.
15 citations
,
June 2019 in “Biochemical Journal” A new genetic disorder caused by an ODC1 mutation can be treated with DFMO.
25 citations
,
December 2005 in “Molecular Genetics and Metabolism” Taking riboflavin and eating less lysine can help some people with a specific genetic disorder avoid brain damage.
February 2019 in “Neoreviews” The infant with a urea cycle disorder improved with treatment and a liver transplant.
10 citations
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May 1974 in “American journal of diseases of children” The girl had a rare disorder causing mental and physical symptoms, with weak hair and unclear neurological issues.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
7 citations
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March 2018 in “Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences” OCIAD2 and DCN genes affect hair growth in goats by having opposite effects on a growth signaling pathway and inhibiting each other.
354 citations
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August 1991 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Human adrenals and gonads have a unique enzyme for steroid hormone production.
January 2009 in “ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)” The P133R mutation in AKR1D1 enzyme causes harmful bile acid buildup, explaining related health issues.
70 citations
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April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
91 citations
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November 2008 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” DGAT1 enzyme is crucial for healthy skin and hair by regulating retinoid levels.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” A 1.0% tyrosine diet increases melanin in chicken feathers.
2 citations
,
October 2023 in “Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences” Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.
103 citations
,
March 2011 in “PLoS Biology” Birds can lose neck feathers due to a genetic change that increases a gene's activity, helping them adapt to heat.
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260 citations
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July 2010 in “Cell” Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.
2 citations
,
January 1975 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Certain enzymes react strongly with some hormones in rat skin during hair growth, mainly in sebaceous glands and hair sheaths.