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Glossaryp21

protein that inhibits cell cycle progression for DNA repair

p21 is a protein that acts as a regulator of the cell cycle. It is known for its role in inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are crucial for cell division. By doing so, p21 can halt the cell cycle, allowing for DNA repair or triggering cell death if the damage is irreparable. This function is particularly important in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells, which can lead to cancer.

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research OCT4 maintains self-renewal and reverses senescence in human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells through the downregulation of p21 by DNA methyltransferases

57 citations , January 2019 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

OCT4 helps hair stem cells renew and fight aging, potentially aiding hair regrowth.

Transient Mitochondrial DNA Double Strand Breaks in Mice Cause Accelerated Aging Phenotypes in a ROS-Dependent but p53/p21-Independent Manner

research Transient mitochondrial DNA double strand breaks in mice cause accelerated aging phenotypes in a ROS-dependent but p53/p21-independent manner

42 citations , December 2016 in “Cell Death & Differentiation”

Damaging mitochondrial DNA in mice speeds up aging due to increased reactive oxygen species, not through the p53/p21 pathway.

Hair Growth Promoting and Anticancer Effects of p21-Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) Inhibitors Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia Zerumbet

research Hair Growth Promoting and Anticancer Effects of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) Inhibitors Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia zerumbet

13 citations , January 2017 in “Molecules”

Compounds from Alpinia zerumbet may help with hair regrowth and cancer treatment by targeting PAK1.

research Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1, are expressed site- and hair cycle-dependently in rat hair follicles

9 citations , February 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 help in hair follicle differentiation in rats.

research HIF‐2α/ARNT complex regulates hair development via induction of p21 ^Waf1/Cip1 and p27 ^Kip1

4 citations , March 2014 in “The FASEB Journal”

The HIF-2α/ARNT complex is important for hair follicle development by controlling cell growth.

P21Waf1/Cip1 Is Differentially Expressed in Epidermal Versus Follicular Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells and Is Phenotypically Regulated by UVB-Mediated Apoptosis

research 1272 p21Waf1/Cip1 is differentially expressed in epidermal versus follicular melanocytes and melanoma cells and is phenotypically regulated by UVB-mediated apoptosis

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The protein p21 is more abundant in normal skin cells than in melanoma cells and may help protect against melanoma, with UVB light affecting its levels.

research PAK4 signaling in health and disease: defining the PAK4–CREB axis

81 citations , February 2019 in “Experimental & Molecular Medicine”

PAK4 is crucial in cancer progression, brain development, and could be a therapeutic target, especially through the PAK4-CREB axis.

research Clock genes, hair growth and aging

55 citations , March 2010 in “Aging”

Circadian clock genes are important for hair growth and may affect aging-related hair loss and graying.

Characterization of Cell Cycle Arrest and Terminal Differentiation in a Maximally Proliferative Human Epithelial Tissue: Lessons from the Human Hair Follicle Matrix

research Characterisation of cell cycle arrest and terminal differentiation in a maximally proliferative human epithelial tissue: Lessons from the human hair follicle matrix

30 citations , April 2017 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

CIP/KIP proteins help stop cell division and support hair growth.

research Beneficial Effects of Astragaloside IV for Hair Loss via Inhibition of Fas/Fas L-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling

29 citations , March 2014 in “PloS one”

Astragaloside IV may help prevent hair loss by blocking a specific pathway that leads to cell death.

research Cell Cycle Regulation and Regeneration

27 citations , January 2012 in “Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology”

Mice that can regenerate tissue have cells that pause in the cell cycle, which is important for healing, similar to axolotls.

research Nuclear Factor I-C Regulates TGF-β-dependent Hair Follicle Cycling*

25 citations , August 2010 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Nuclear Factor I-C is important for controlling hair growth by affecting the TGF-β1 pathway.

research Effects of Short-Term Finasteride on Apoptotic Factors and Androgen Receptors in Prostate Cancer Cells

25 citations , December 2008 in “The Journal of Urology”

Short-term finasteride treatment may lower some cell death factors in prostate cancer cells.

research Epimorphic regeneration in mice is p53-independent

20 citations , September 2010 in “Cell Cycle”

Mice can regenerate ear tissue without the p53 protein.

research Accelerated senescence in skin in a murine model of radiation-induced multi-organ injury

19 citations , February 2017 in “Journal of radiation research”

High-dose radiation speeds up aging in skin stem cells.

research WIF1 Is Expressed by Stem Cells of the Human Interfollicular Epidermis and Acts to Suppress Keratinocyte Proliferation

18 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

WIF1 helps keep skin stem cells inactive to prevent excessive cell growth.

research Small RNAs Loom Large During Reprogramming

18 citations , June 2011 in “Cell stem cell”

MicroRNAs can reprogram cells into stem cells faster and more efficiently than traditional methods.

Hair Growth Promoting Effect of Houttuynia Cordata Extract in Cultured Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

research Hair Growth Promoting Effect of <i>Hottuynia cordata</i> Extract in Cultured Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

16 citations , October 2019 in “Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin”

Houttuynia cordata extract may help hair grow by improving cell survival and increasing cell growth.

research Dexpanthenol Promotes Cell Growth by Preventing Cell Senescence and Apoptosis in Cultured Human Hair Follicle Cells

13 citations , September 2021 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology”

Dexpanthenol helps human hair follicle cells grow by preventing aging and death, and by supporting growth signals.

Regulatory Effect of Beta-Catenin on Proliferation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Involves PI3K/Akt Pathway

research Regulatory effect of β-catenin on proliferation of hair follicle stem cells involves PI3K/Akt pathway

11 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Applied Biomedicine”

β-catenin helps hair follicle stem cells grow by activating a specific cell pathway.

research Anti-keratin Monoclonal Antibodies for Identifying Animal Hair Fibers

8 citations , May 2004 in “Textile Research Journal”

Scientists made antibodies to tell cashmere and wool apart, which could improve how we identify animal fibers.

research OR2AT4, an Ectopic Olfactory Receptor, Suppresses Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Keratinocytes

6 citations , November 2022 in “Antioxidants”

OR2AT4 helps reduce aging and cell damage in human skin cells.

research The Mammalian Hairless Protein as a DNA Binding Phosphoprotein

6 citations , June 2016 in “Journal of cellular biochemistry”

The Hr protein binds to DNA, interacts with p53, and affects cell cycle genes.

4-O-Methylhonokiol Protects HaCaT Cells from TGF-β1-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest by Regulating Canonical and Non-Canonical Pathways of TGF-β Signaling

research 4-O-Methylhonokiol Protects HaCaT Cells from TGF-β1-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest by Regulating Canonical and Non-Canonical Pathways of TGF-β Signaling

5 citations , February 2017 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics”

4-O-Methylhonokiol helps protect skin cells from growth-stopping effects of a protein by regulating growth-related pathways.

research Ethanol extract of asiasari radix preferentially induces apoptosis in G361 human melanoma cells by differential regulation of p53

2 citations , August 2019 in “BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine”

Asiasari radix extract may be a potential treatment for melanoma because it selectively triggers cell death in melanoma cells by affecting p53 regulation.

research 549 Temporary cell cycle arrest in human scalp hair follicles and their epithelial stem cells by ALRN-6924: A novel strategy to selectively protect p53-wildtype cells against paclitaxel-induced alopecia

1 citations , November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

ALRN-6924 may prevent hair loss caused by chemotherapy.

research The accelerated aging skin in rhino‐like SHJH^hr mice

1 citations , June 2022 in “Experimental dermatology”

The SHJH hr mice with a mutated Hr gene show signs of faster skin aging due to poor antioxidative protection.

research Niacinamide Down-Regulates the Expression of DKK-1 and Protects Cells from Oxidative Stress in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells

1 citations , October 2021 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Vitamin B3 may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth by protecting scalp cells from stress and reducing hair growth-blocking proteins.

research Lipid signaling in keratinocytes: Lipin-1 plays a PArt

1 citations , April 2016 in “Journal of lipid research”

Lipin-1 is important for skin cell differentiation and skin barrier function.

research Lysocellin, a metabolite of the novel drug ‘alopestatin’, induces G1 arrest and prevents cytotoxicity induced by etoposide

1 citations , April 2006 in “International Journal of Oncology”

Lysocellin helps stop cell damage from etoposide and may prevent hair loss.