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GlossaryPapillomas

benign skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)

Papillomas, also known as warts or verrucae, are benign (non-cancerous) growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They typically appear as small, rough, raised lesions on the skin or mucous membranes and can occur anywhere on the body. While generally harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or be cosmetically concerning, and in rare cases, certain types of HPV can lead to more serious conditions.

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research Transgenic mice overexpressing protein kinase C epsilon in their epidermis exhibit reduced papilloma burden but enhanced carcinoma formation after tumor promotion.

99 citations , February 2000 in “PubMed”

Overexpressing PKCepsilon in mice reduces papillomas but increases carcinomas.

research Ornithine decarboxylase expression in cutaneous papillomas in SENCAR mice is associated with altered expression of keratins 1 and 10.

33 citations , March 1994 in “PubMed”

High ODC and low K1 and K10 may indicate early skin tumors in mice.

research Inhibition of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Family DNA Binding in Mouse Epidermis Prevents and Regresses Papillomas

28 citations , February 2007 in “Cancer Research”

Blocking certain proteins in mouse skin can reduce and shrink skin tumors.

research A keratin 15 containing stem cell population from the hair follicle contributes to squamous papilloma development in the mouse

44 citations , March 2012 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis”

Keratin 15 cells from hair follicles help develop and maintain skin tumors in mice.

research The Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Upstream Regulatory Region Triggers Hair-Follicle-Specific Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice

9 citations , June 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The HPV type 11 region activates hair-specific gene expression in mice.

research 137 Loss of myeloid Mcpip1 suppresses hair growth and development of epidermal papilloma of the skin

November 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Removing MCPIP1 from myeloid cells in mice leads to hair loss and prevents skin tumors but causes pigmented spots.

research Detection of human papillomavirus type 56 DNA, belonging to a mucous high-risk group, in hair follicles in the genital area of a woman no longer suffering from viral warts

21 citations , July 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

HPV type 56 can hide in hair follicles even without visible warts.

Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 Oncogenes Promote Mouse Ear Regeneration by Increasing the Rate of Wound Re-Epithelization and Epidermal Growth

research Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 Oncogenes Promote Mouse Ear Regeneration by Increasing the Rate of Wound Re-epithelization and Epidermal Growth

19 citations , June 2008 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

HPV genes in mice improve ear tissue healing by speeding up skin growth and repair.

research No Evidence That Human Papillomavirus Is Responsible for the Aggressive Nature of Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa–Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma

14 citations , August 2010 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

HPV does not cause aggressive cancer in RDEB patients.

research Expression of E6 and E7 papillomavirus oncogenes in the outer root sheath of hair follicles extends the growth phase and bypasses resting at telogen.

10 citations , October 2000 in “PubMed”

E6/E7 oncogenes in hair follicles cause continuous hair growth by skipping the resting phase.

research Human papillomavirus 60-positive epidermal cyst and wart at a nonpalmoplantar location

4 citations , June 2005 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

HPV 60 may cause cysts and warts on the face, not just hands and feet.

Condylomata Acuminata of HIV-Positive Men May Harbor Focal Areas of Dysplasia: Relevant Implications for the Management of Human Papillomavirus-Induced Disease in High-Risk Patients

research Condylomata acuminata of HIV-positive men may harbour focal areas of dysplasia: relevant implications for the management of human papillomavirus-induced disease in high-risk patients

3 citations , September 2016 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Warts in HIV-positive men can have serious abnormal cell growth, needing careful analysis and treatment to prevent cancer.

research A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Dynamic of Human Papillomavirus 6 and 11 Infection in Anogenital Hairs and Eyebrows of Male Patients with Anogenital Warts and Age-Matched Controls

1 citations , February 2024

HPV6/11 is often found in hair of men with anogenital warts, especially pubic hair, and can lead to recurrent warts.

research Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Human Dermal Papilla Cells Expressing Human Papillomavirus 16 E6/E7

1 citations , November 2023 in “Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology”

Immortalized human dermal papilla cells were created that grow better and can still help form hair.

research Solitary pedunculated multicystic viral plaque associated with canine papillomavirus 18 in a British Bulldog

1 citations , January 2022 in “Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation”

A British Bulldog had a unique viral plaque caused by Canine papillomavirus 18, different from typical tumors.

research Alopecia universalis following human papillomavirus vaccine administration: a case report

January 2025 in “Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research”

A woman experienced total hair loss after an HPV vaccine, but treatment helped regrow her hair.

Bright, Eosinophilic Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies: A Rare Presentation of Acquired Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis with Widespread Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Transplant Recipient

research Poster presentationsDP11 Bright, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies: a rare presentation of acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis with widespread human papillomavirus infection in a transplant recipient

June 2024 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

A rare case of a transplant patient developing a skin condition linked to HPV-49.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recombinant Bivalent: Two Cases of Telogen Effluvium in 11-Year-Old Girls

research Human papillomavirus vaccine recombinant bivalent

September 2012 in “Reactions Weekly”

Two girls experienced temporary hair loss after getting the HPV vaccine, which may be related to the vaccine.

research Human papillomavirus vaccine recombinant quadrivalent

November 2009 in “Reactions Weekly”

Two women lost hair after mesotherapy for hair loss, with one having permanent and the other temporary hair loss.

research Characterization of Novel Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Genotypes HPV-150 and HPV-151

20 citations , July 2011 in “PLoS ONE”

HPV-150 and HPV-151 are rare skin viruses linked to warts and some skin cancers.

research Safety of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: A Review

149 citations , April 2013 in “Drug Safety”

research Index of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine industry clinical study programmes and non-industry funded studies: a necessary basis to address reporting bias in a systematic review

24 citations , January 2018 in “Systematic Reviews”

All HPV vaccine studies should be registered and published to reduce reporting bias.

research Safety profile of human papilloma virus vaccines: an analysis of the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from 2007 to 2017

22 citations , December 2018 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology”

HPV vaccines are generally safe but need further investigation for rare side effects.

research Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

3 citations , January 2019 in “Cureus”

Hormonal imbalances in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) might trigger a rare skin disorder called Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis (CRP), so dermatologists should consider checking for PCOS in CRP patients.

research Beta Human Papillomavirus and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Skin Neoplasms

2 citations , April 2020 in “International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology”

Beta-HPV and MCPyV are linked to certain skin cancers, with ongoing research and vaccine development.

research 41248 The Impact of Obesity on Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Treatment Outcomes in a Pediatric Cohort

September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Obese children respond worse to CARP treatment than non-obese children.

research Severe follicular hyperplasia and spontaneous papilloma formation in transgenic mice expressing theneu oncogene under the control of the bovine keratin 5 promoter

47 citations , January 1998 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis”

ErbB2 signaling is crucial for skin cell growth and cancer development in mice.

research The E6/E7 oncogenes of human papilloma virus and estradiol regulate hedgehog signaling activity in a murine model of cervical cancer

9 citations , May 2019 in “Experimental Cell Research”

HPV genes and estradiol increase a cancer-related signaling pathway, which may be targeted for cervical cancer treatment.

research Telogen Effluvium following Bivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Administration: A Report of Two Cases

8 citations , January 2012 in “Dermatology”

The HPV vaccine may be linked to temporary hair loss in children, but the benefits outweigh the risks.

research Progeny of Lgr5-expressing hair follicle stem cell contributes to papillomavirus-induced tumor development in epidermis

52 citations , September 2012 in “Oncogene”