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GlossaryParakeratosis

retention of nuclei in the skin's outermost layer

Parakeratosis is a skin condition where the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum, retains its nuclei, which is not typical. Normally, these cells lose their nuclei as they move to the surface and become part of the protective barrier. This condition can be seen in various skin disorders, such as psoriasis, and indicates an abnormality in the skin's maturation process.

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research Structural features and sites of expression of a new murine 65 kD and 48 kD hair-related keratin pair, associated with a special type of parakeratotic epithelial differentiation

28 citations , August 1992 in “Differentiation”

A new pair of mouse keratins, 65 kD and 48 kD, are found in specific skin areas and are linked to a unique skin differentiation type.

research Intracorneal vacuoles in skin diseases with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in the dog: a retrospective light‐microscopy study of 111 cases (1973–2000)

7 citations , February 2002 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

Intracorneal vacuoles are common in parakeratotic skin diseases in dogs, especially with more parakeratosis.

research Follicular porokeratosis: four new cases

6 citations , July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Four new cases confirmed the unique features of follicular porokeratosis.

research A 4kb Fragment of the Desmocollin 3 Promoter Directs Reporter Gene Expression to Parakeratotic Epidermis and Primary Hair Follicles

1 citations , July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A 4kb fragment of the desmocollin 3 promoter targets gene expression to specific skin and hair follicle areas.

research Throw light on the causes of appearance of parakeratosis in buffalo calves in Sharkia Governorate with trial of treatment

March 2025 in “Egyptian Journal of Animal Health”

Zinc deficiency causes parakeratosis in buffalo calves, and supplementation improves symptoms.

research Scalp Porokeratosis: Dermoscopy's Key Role in Unmasking a Hidden Condition

October 2024 in “Dermatology Practical & Conceptual”

Porokeratosis should be considered for scalp lesions, with new treatments like topical cholesterol/lovastatin offering promise.

research Proliferative, lymphocytic, infundibular mural folliculitis and dermatitis with prominent follicular apoptosis and parakeratotic casts in a Labrador retriever: Clinical, histopathological and dermoscopic features and co‐morbidities

January 2024 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

A rare skin condition was found in a Labrador retriever outside North America.

research Extensive Spiculated Follicular Porokeratosis With Alopecia: A Case Report

January 2025 in “Clinical Case Reports”

Follicular porokeratosis may be linked to diabetes and can lead to hair loss.

research Granular Parakeratosis of the Eccrine Ostium: A Case Report

July 2023 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Accurate diagnosis of granular parakeratosis is crucial for effective treatment and improvement.

research Punctate Follicular Porokeratosis

8 citations , November 2015 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology”

Punctate follicular porokeratosis is a skin condition with specific features seen in hair follicles.

Proliferative, Lymphocytic, Infundibular Mural Folliculitis and Dermatitis with Prominent Follicular Apoptosis and Parakeratotic Casts in Four Labrador Retrievers: Preliminary Description and Response to Therapy

research Proliferative, lymphocytic, infundibular mural folliculitis and dermatitis with prominent follicular apoptosis and parakeratotic casts in four Labrador retrievers: preliminary description and response to therapy

10 citations , April 2013 in “Veterinary dermatology”

A new skin disease in four Labrador retrievers responded well to immunosuppressive treatment.

research The histopathologic spectrum of psoriasis

111 citations , November 2007 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

Psoriasis skin changes are complex and might need several biopsies for a clear diagnosis.

Suprabasal Desmoglein 3 Expression in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Results in Hyperproliferation and Abnormal Differentiation

research Suprabasal Desmoglein 3 Expression in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Results in Hyperproliferation and Abnormal Differentiation

108 citations , July 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology”

Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.

research Zinc deficiency in sheep and goats: Three field cases

45 citations , June 1984 in “Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association”

Zinc supplements quickly improved health issues in sheep and goats.

research Effects of Intradermally Injected and Topically Applied Mouse Epidermal Growth Factor on Wool Growth, Skin and Wool Follicles of Merino Sheep

36 citations , June 1988 in “Australian Journal of Biological Sciences”

Mouse epidermal growth factor injections in sheep affected wool growth and skin, but saline did not.

research Pathologic Diagnosis of Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia on Horizontal Sections

29 citations , September 2014 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

Horizontal sections of scalp biopsies are good for diagnosing Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia and help customize treatment.

research Hair Casts and Cutaneous Spicules in Multiple Myeloma

19 citations , December 2006 in “Archives of dermatology”

Hair casts and cutaneous spicules can be signs of multiple myeloma.

research Notoedric mange in free‐ranging masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan

17 citations , December 2003 in “Veterinary dermatology”

Some masked palm civets in Japan have a skin disease caused by mites.

Is Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Associated with Diffuse, Low-Grade Folliculitis and Progressive Cicatricial Alopecia?

research Is seborrhoeic dermatitis associated with a diffuse, low‐grade folliculitis and progressive cicatricial alopecia?

15 citations , March 2015 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Seborrhoeic dermatitis may cause a condition called "seborrhoeic folliculitis," leading to chronic scalp inflammation and scarring hair loss.

research Ultrastructure of the contrasting types of keratinization seen in the tail epidermis of the laboratory mouseMus musculus

11 citations , January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research”

Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.

research Evaluation of carcinogenic effect of mineral oil used in the processing of jute fibres.

8 citations , October 1979 in “PubMed”

Jute-batching oil alone didn't cause cancer in mice, but it may promote cancer when combined with another carcinogen.

research THE EFFECT OF ZINC AND COPPER DEFICIENCY ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTS LEVELS IN THE SHEEP.

7 citations , December 2017 in “Basrah Journal of veterinary Research”

Zinc and copper deficiency harms sheep health and normal body functions.

research Dorsal skin responses to subchronic ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiation in Wistar-derived hypotrichotic WBN/ILA-Ht rats.

7 citations , January 2002 in “PubMed”

Prolonged UVB exposure causes significant skin changes and damage in rats.

research Dendritic cell migrations involving the pilosebaceous unit in the development of murine skin

7 citations , September 1980 in “Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society”

Dendritic cells help regulate skin development and hair growth in mice.

research Seborrhoeic Dermatitis in Pigmy Goats

5 citations , September 1991 in “Veterinary dermatology”

Pygmy goats with seborrhoeic dermatitis showed skin symptoms and temporary improvement with corticosteroids, but the cause and inheritance of the disease remain unknown.

research Skin Lesions in a Daclizumab-treated Patient with Multiple Sclerosis

1 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine”

A patient with multiple sclerosis developed skin reactions after Daclizumab treatment, requiring more data on the drug's effects.

research SPT6 maintains epidermal homeostasis by inhibiting an NF-κB-positive feedback loop to prevent excessive inflammation

April 2026 in “Cellular and Molecular Immunology”

SPT6 prevents excessive skin inflammation by blocking a feedback loop.

research LB1256 TRIV-509, a dual inhibitor of KLK5 and KLK7, rapidly improves barrier integrity and markers of epidermal differentiation in atopic dermatitis skin explants

July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

TRIV-509 quickly improves skin barrier and cell health in atopic dermatitis.

Erosive Pustular Dermatosis of the Scalp: A Pathogenetic Mystery and Therapeutic Challenge

research Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: a pathogenetic мystery and therapeutic challenge

July 2022 in “Dermatology Reports”

A rare scalp condition called Erosive pustular dermatosis is hard to diagnose and treat.

research Trachyonychia with juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris

August 2021 in “Indian dermatology online journal”

A young boy with a rare skin and nail condition improved significantly with simple topical treatments.