75 citations
,
August 2006 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The eucalyptus oil system improved skin delivery of hormones, but safety concerns remain.
7 citations
,
August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
1 citations
,
January 2002 in “Yaoxue jinzhan” Finasteride reduces sperm count and affects male reproductive function, while Epristeride does not.
6 citations
,
January 2020 in “BMC Neuroscience” Male tissue has more cell death than female tissue after ischemia, and some neurosteroids only protect female cells.
9 citations
,
August 2021 in “Biomedicines” 17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.
19 citations
,
July 2005 in “Steroids” Testosterone increases 3α-androstanediol levels, which can be blocked by finasteride.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
31 citations
,
January 2001 in “PubMed” 14 citations
,
June 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” May 2022 in “Endocrine Abstracts” Finasteride may cause sexual dysfunction by reducing epinephrine levels.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
3 citations
,
April 1977 in “PubMed” The treatment improved acne, seborrhoea, and hirsutism, with some side effects like spotting and nervousness.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
65 citations
,
April 2007 in “Chemistry and Physics of Lipids” Steroid hormones change the size, charge, and stability of DPPC liposomes.
9 citations
,
April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction” Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.
35 citations
,
October 2005 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Polymers increased skin permeation and stability of steroid hormones in liposomal formulations.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” Birth control pills increase certain receptor activities in female gerbil prostate glands and can lead to prostate changes.
26 citations
,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
21 citations
,
December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
14 citations
,
July 2016 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The equine epididymis mainly uses type 1 5α-reductase, and both finasteride and dutasteride can inhibit its activity.
2 citations
,
October 1988 in “Steroids” Certain hormone treatments can increase SBP levels and help with mild body hair growth.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen deficiency can reduce the enzyme activity needed to activate vitamin D.
4 citations
,
September 2011 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for skin conditions caused by excess androgens.
1 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” The treatment slightly increased hair growth and was safe for most women.
January 2008 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Finasteride may cause sexual and psychological side effects by affecting an enzyme related to epinephrine.