182 citations
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December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.
82 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Hair follicles and glands significantly increase steroid absorption in skin.
52 citations
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February 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology” Minoxidil absorbs poorly through skin, with low risk of side effects at 1-2% concentration.
37 citations
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January 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Hairless rats absorb substances through their skin more easily than hairy rats.
25 citations
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June 1990 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Longer contact time increases minoxidil absorption, but doesn't affect metabolism.
24 citations
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November 2009 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” Transcutol P best increases Finasteride absorption for hair loss treatment.
22 citations
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January 1968 in “THE JOURNAL OF VITAMINOLOGY” α-Tocopheryl acetate is well absorbed through healthy skin.
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December 1995 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Liposomes can make the antiandrogen RU 58841 more effective for skin application by reducing absorption, increasing skin retention, and targeting sebaceous structures.
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January 1968 DMSO causes reversible swelling in hair but has a complex, less reversible effect on skin.
July 2024 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Nanostructured lipid carriers effectively deliver tofacitinib to hair follicles, reversing hair loss in alopecia areata.
June 2021 in “Pharmaceutical sciences” Flutamide emulgel with 1% Transcutol P absorbs better through the skin than other mixtures.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The document concludes that various topical treatments show promise for skin conditions like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hair loss.
14 citations
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March 2019 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Proretinal nanoparticles improve skin absorption and reduce irritation of topical retinoids.
42 citations
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January 2007 in “Pediatric dermatology” Low-potency steroids can cause serious side effects in people with skin conditions like Netherton syndrome.
30 citations
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April 1990 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Tretinoin cream boosts minoxidil absorption, possibly improving hair loss treatment.
59 citations
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October 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Squalene-based carriers improve delivery of a treatment to hair follicles for alopecia areata.
84 citations
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July 2008 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” Ethosomes improve finasteride delivery through skin for hair loss treatment.
18 citations
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May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Aging and sun damage do not increase the skin's absorption of certain sunscreens and drugs.
12 citations
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March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” Hair follicles significantly affect the skin absorption of some drugs.
94 citations
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May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
30 citations
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January 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Topical finasteride helps regrow hair and reduce balding without side effects.
17 citations
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May 2019 in “Molecules” These temporary hair dyes may be harmful to human health.
15 citations
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June 2016 in “Computers in Biology and Medicine” Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate penetrates skin better in the stratum corneum than in the infundibulum.
4 citations
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July 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Adapalene microemulsions improve drug delivery through hair follicles, enhancing acne treatment.
2 citations
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December 2015 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Sonophoresis reduces skin absorption of sodium fluorescein in certain liposomes.
May 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Objective assessment is needed to accurately determine medication use and adherence.
May 1987 in “Inpharma (Balgowlah)” Topical minoxidil may slow hair loss but often doesn't lead to satisfactory hair regrowth and requires ongoing treatment.
July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The new minoxidil hydrogel is a promising alternative for hair loss treatment, with similar effectiveness and less skin irritation.
66 citations
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February 1985 in “Archives of dermatological research” Hair dyes penetrate the scalp very minimally, less than 1%.