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GlossaryPeribulbar Inflammation

swelling around hair follicle bulbs causing potential hair loss

Peribulbar inflammation refers to the swelling and irritation of the tissues surrounding the hair follicle bulb, which is the part of the hair follicle located deep in the skin where hair growth begins. This condition can lead to hair loss and is often associated with autoimmune disorders like alopecia areata, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own hair follicles.

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research Perifollicular inflammation and follicular spongiosis in androgenetic alopecia

1 citations , September 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Hair loss in both Androgenetic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata is often accompanied by inflammation around hair follicles, but the location and severity of this inflammation varies.

research Immunohistochemical analysis of T-cell subsets in the inflammatory infiltrates of alopecia areata and its comparison with androgenetic alopecia

April 2020 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

T-cell patterns in skin help distinguish alopecia areata from androgenetic alopecia.

research Hair Loss after Rhytidectomy

6 citations , June 2004 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

A woman had temporary hair loss after a facelift, which improved on its own within a year.

research A study of the histopathological features of alopecias on transverse sections of scalp biopsies

3 citations , January 2019 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology”

Transverse scalp biopsy sections help diagnose different alopecias by showing hair follicle details and inflammation patterns.

research Utility of Horizontal Sections of Scalp Biopsies in Differentiating between Androgenetic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata

3 citations , January 2018 in “Dermatology”

Scalp biopsies help tell apart androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata.

research Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor associated psoriasiform alopecia (drug-induced psoriasiform alopecia)

1 citations , April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks”

Some medications for inflammation can cause a condition with scalp rashes and hair loss, often linked to Crohn's disease, and may require treatment changes to prevent permanent hair loss.

research ISID0192 - Three-dimensional ultra-high frequency ultrasound facilitates image processing to visualize microstructural changes of hair follicles and detects distinct disease phases of alopecia areata

April 2023

3D-ultrasound can non-invasively detect and predict alopecia areata phases and outcomes.

Alopecia Areata: Comprehensive Overview and Histological Characteristics

research Alopecia areata

April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks”

Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune condition causing varying hair loss, diagnosed by specific patterns of inflammation around hair follicles, with several treatment options available.

research Histopathologic Spectrum of Alopecia.

February 2007

Combining vertical and horizontal sectioning improves scalp biopsy analysis for alopecia.

research Hair Loss after Rhytidectomy

July 2004 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

A woman had temporary hair loss due to a stress-related condition after a facelift.

research Clinical evaluation of postoperative pressure‐induced alopecia using a hand‐held dermatoscope

10 citations , March 2014 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

A hand-held dermatoscope helped differentiate between pressure-induced alopecia and alopecia areata in a young patient, who then experienced hair regrowth within a month.

research Epidemiological, Clinical, Trichoscopic, and Histopathological Features of Lupus Erythematous Mimicking Alopecia Areata: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

1 citations , January 2022 in “Skin Appendage Disorders”

Lupus erythematosus can mimic alopecia areata, and trichoscopy is key for accurate diagnosis and better patient outcomes.

research Alopecia universalis in a dog with testicular neoplasia

1 citations , September 2016 in “Veterinary dermatology”

A combination of ciclosporin and ketoconazole can effectively treat severe hair loss in dogs.

research Diffuse Alopecia With Stem Cell Folliculitis

16 citations , February 1999 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

Lymphocytes may hinder hair stem cells, causing hair loss without scarring.

research Alopecia areata masquerading as frontal fibrosing alopecia

14 citations , January 2006 in “Australasian journal of dermatology”

Alopecia areata can look like frontal fibrosing alopecia, making diagnosis hard.

research Scalp Biopsy and Diagnosis of Common Hair Loss Problems

2 citations , July 2013 in “InTech eBooks”

Scalp biopsy helps tell apart permanent and temporary hair loss types and guides treatment.

research Use of trichoscopy for the diagnosis of alopecia areata coexisting with primary scarring alopecia in a female hair loss patient

2 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of Dermatology”

Trichoscopy helped diagnose and treat a woman with two different types of hair loss.

research Alopecia areta: a review

January 2026 in “International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science”

Alopecia areata causes patchy hair loss and is often treated with corticosteroids.

research Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Involving the Limbs Shows Inflammatory Pattern on Histology: A Review of 13 Cases

7 citations , August 2019 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

Frontal fibrosing alopecia on limbs shows permanent inflammatory hair loss, not typical scarring.

research The histopathology of alopecia areata in vertical and horizontal sections

19 citations , December 2001 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Horizontal scalp biopsy sections are better for diagnosing alopecia areata, showing fewer hair follicles and more miniaturized hairs.

Non-Scarring Alopecia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence, Pattern, Trichoscopy Features and Histopathological Analysis

research Non-scarring alopecia in systemic lupus erythematosus patients at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, pattern, trichoscopy features and histopathological analysis

January 2024 in “Pan African Medical Journal”

Non-scarring hair loss is common in lupus patients and can be diagnosed with specific hair and tissue tests.

Alopecia Areata Incognita and Diffuse Alopecia Areata: Clinical, Trichoscopic, Histopathological, and Therapeutic Features of a 5-Year Study

research Alopecia Areata Incognita and Diffuse Alopecia Areata: Clinical, Trichoscopic, Histopathological, and Therapeutic Features of a 5-Year Study

23 citations , September 2019 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual”

The study concluded that AAI and DAA are forms of the same disease, with different symptoms in men and women, and that corticosteroid treatment is effective.

research Localized Telogen Effluvium after Face Lift Surgery

4 citations , January 2015 in “Annals of Dermatology”

A woman's temporary hair loss after face lift surgery stopped on its own, and hair grew back.

research Diagnostic Usefulness of a Peribulbar Eosinophilic Infiltrate in Alopecia Areata

19 citations , September 2014 in “JAMA Dermatology”

Eosinophilic infiltrate is not a reliable indicator for diagnosing chronic alopecia areata.

Perifollicular Inflammation and Fibrosis in Androgenetic Alopecia: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment - A Comparative Histopathologic and Clinical Study with Normal-Appearing Scalp

research Perifollicular Inflammation and Fibrosis in Androgenetic Alopecia: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment - A Comparative Histopathologic and Clinical Study with Normal-Appearing Scalp

January 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Early diagnosis and targeted anti-inflammatory treatments can improve outcomes in androgenetic alopecia with perifollicular inflammation and fibrosis.

research Histologic features of alopecia areata other than peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrates

53 citations , September 2011

Other common signs, not just the well-known immune cells around hair bulbs, are important for diagnosing hair loss from alopecia areata.

research Early stage alopecia areata is associated with inflammation in the upper dermis and damage to the hair follicle infundibulum

22 citations , June 2013 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Early stage bald spots are linked to skin inflammation and damage to the upper part of the hair follicle.

Diffuse Alopecia Areata Is Associated With Intense Inflammatory Infiltration and CD8+ T Cells in Hair Loss Regions and an Increase in Serum IgE Level

research Diffuse alopecia areata is associated with intense inflammatory infiltration and CD8+ T cells in hair loss regions and an increase in serum IgE level

24 citations , January 2012 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

Diffuse alopecia areata involves more inflammation and higher allergy-related antibodies than patchy types.

research Unmet Medical Needs in Chronic, Non-communicable Inflammatory Skin Diseases

59 citations , June 2022 in “Frontiers in medicine”

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.

research Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Cicatricial Alopecia

28 citations , August 2018 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) may help improve hair density in primary cicatricial alopecias (PCAs) patients, but more trials are needed to confirm its benefits.