80 citations
,
January 1988 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Spironolactone can cause side effects like irregular bleeding, but lower doses may reduce these effects and still improve hirsutism.
52 citations
,
November 2009 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” High androgen levels in Chinese women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of diabetes and obesity.
September 2021 in “Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society (Print)” The study concluded that low iron and vitamin D levels in women might play a role in chronic hair loss, despite no significant difference between those with and without hair loss.
October 1986 in “Inpharma” Spironolactone helps reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism but may cause menstrual irregularities.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Female pattern hair loss severity is linked to physical signs of high androgens, not blood hormone levels.
January 2020 in “Advances in Sexual Medicine” Female pattern hair loss does not significantly affect sexual dysfunction.
1 citations
,
November 2020 in “Cureus” Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism are related to female pattern hair loss severity, but biochemical markers are not.
Effective treatment for midlife women's hair loss is limited, with 5% minoxidil foam being the only proven option for the most common type.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.
130 citations
,
May 1988 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” "Male-pattern" hair loss is common in women, especially after menopause, and doesn't always mean there's a problem with hormone balance.
39 citations
,
September 2012 in “Human Reproduction” Certain genetic variations in the SHBG gene are linked to an increased or decreased risk of PCOS in Mediterranean women.
28 citations
,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.
11 citations
,
February 2013 in “Clinical Endocrinology” A small number of premenopausal female blood donors had high prolactin levels, often due to stress, and retesting is recommended to prevent misdiagnosis.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “BMJ Case Reports” Check hormone levels in older women to find hidden conditions like certain tumors.
August 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” 5% minoxidil foam effectively regrows hair in women, with postmenopausal women seeing the most improvement.
January 2016 in “International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences” Low iron, low thyroid function, and stress are linked to excessive hair shedding in women.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
3 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Testosterone Replacement Therapy can improve sexual health in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on its long-term effects.
February 2022 in “Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences” Taking 2.5mg of finasteride daily can effectively improve hair loss in 62% of women, especially those pre-menopause or with less severe hair loss.
26 citations
,
June 2018 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Stopping sunscreen use on the forehead led to hair regrowth in a woman with frontal fibrosing alopecia.
1 citations
,
June 2025 in “Environmental Research” Most women had adequate essential elements except zinc, and lead levels were higher in peri-/post-menopausal women.
1231 citations
,
May 2001 in “Hypertension” Men generally have higher blood pressure than premenopausal women, but postmenopausal women's blood pressure can surpass men's, and hormone therapy doesn't significantly help.
33 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Familial frontal fibrosing alopecia affects premenopausal women too, and early diagnosis is important, but no proven medication exists yet.
339 citations
,
February 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Most patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia are postmenopausal women, and treatments like finasteride and dutasteride can improve or stabilize the condition.
255 citations
,
October 1985 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Spironolactone treatment increases the amount of testosterone available in the body.
23 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia's cause is unclear, affects mainly postmenopausal women, and current treatments focus on stopping hair loss rather than regrowth.
March 2007 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada” Birth control pills slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, especially if used before the first full-term pregnancy.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Menopause can cause oral health issues like dry mouth and burning sensations.