3 citations
,
August 2008 in “PubMed” Repeated digital perming with sodium thioglycolate lotion significantly damages hair protein and structure.
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Permanent waving damages hair protein and weakens hair, especially with repeated treatments using sodium thioglycolate.
37 citations
,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
31 citations
,
November 2003 in “Journal of Occupational Health” Thioglycolic acid in hair products may pose reproductive and cancer risks for hairdressers.
20 citations
,
July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” Thioglycolate lotions are the most popular method for permanent waving and hair straightening.
November 2024 in “Biophysical Chemistry” Hair structure changes immediately during perm treatment, with initial damage partially restored later.
1 citations
,
April 2013 in “Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences” Hair coloring, waving, and ironing cause more hair damage than not using these treatments.
Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
9 citations
,
June 1947 in “Analytical Chemistry” Cold waving solutions quickly reduce cystine to cysteine in hair.
3 citations
,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Hair care products clean, protect, style, color, and change hair structure.
3 citations
,
January 2007 in “Journal of health science” The enzymatic method can effectively identify chemical treatments on hair.
Lightly perming scalp hair can lead to new hair growth, potentially treating baldness.
3 citations
,
October 2006 in “Journal of dermatology” X-ray microscopy can non-invasively show hair structure changes after treatments, but it's less detailed than TEM and needs improvement.
1 citations
,
February 1989 in “PubMed” Electrophoresis can effectively analyze hair proteins for forensic use, even after cosmetic treatments and up to 2 years of weathering.
10 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Thioglycolic acid mainly affects the unordered areas in hair structure.
January 2012 in “한국미용학회지” Applying conditioner in the middle of a perm process reduces hair damage the most.
18 citations
,
January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
April 2023 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” Direct heat perms cause more damage to hair than softening heat perms.
63 citations
,
August 1996 in “Forensic Science International” Cosmetic treatments like bleaching and perming can greatly reduce opiate levels in hair, possibly leading to false-negative drug tests.
4 citations
,
January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Permed hair degrades faster and shows more damage after protease treatment compared to untreated hair.
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” Liposome-encapsulated thioglycolic acid improves hair perming effectiveness and durability.
20 citations
,
January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
10 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Keratin film can effectively replace human hair for testing hair damage.
1 citations
,
May 2023 in “Frontiers in medicine” Hair dyes and perms can damage hair and scalp, but using interventions can reduce harm.
53 citations
,
July 2016 in “Cosmetics” Future hair cosmetics will be safer and more effective.
72 citations
,
July 2003 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Frequent hair coloring and styling can damage hair and cause breakage or loss.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Journal of applied biological chemistry” TRP-hair essence protects hair from heat damage, maintains color, and strengthens hair.
105 citations
,
April 2004 in “Dermatologic Therapy” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and a combination of medical, hair-care, and surgical treatments are important for managing alopecia in black women.
57 citations
,
September 2005 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Frequent use of chemical hair relaxants is linked to increased scarring hair loss in Nigerian women.
9 citations
,
May 2005 in “Facial plastic surgery” Laser hair removal can be safe and effective for dark-skinned individuals with the right laser settings.