October 2017 in “Our Dermatology Online” DCP in isopropanol is better tolerated for treating alopecia areata.
34 citations
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October 1994 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Ethanol over 50% helps minoxidil absorb better into skin.
11 citations
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January 2006 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy” Adding TPGS to minoxidil solutions can improve skin penetration and retention, especially in water and PEG 400-based solutions.
Different amounts of propylene glycol change the thickness of katuk leaf hair tonic.
The best mix of propylene glycol and sorbitol was found for a cream to prevent hair loss using saw palmetto extract.
Polyethylene glycol 400 and glycerol are effective as moisturizers in anti-hair loss cream with saw palmetto extract.
18 citations
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March 2014 in “Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy” New gel formulas without ethanol and propylene glycol, containing a minoxidil-methyl-β-cyclodextrin complex, have been created for treating hair loss.
April 2025 in “Jurnal Inovasi Bahan Lokal dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat” Varying propylenglycol affects the pH, specific gravity, and viscosity of wax apple leaf hair tonic, meeting Indonesian standards.
18 citations
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October 2005 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Adding a small amount of TPGS to minoxidil can help hair growth, but too much TPGS reduces this effect and increases minoxidil in the blood.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” PP-PTKL may help treat hair greying, but more testing is needed.
33 citations
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June 1995 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” More ethanol increases minoxidil delivery, but too much lowers efficiency.
1 citations
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August 2013 in “Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research” Glycyrrhiza glabra extract may prevent hair loss like finasteride.
January 2005 in “Belarusian State Pedagogical University repository (Belarusian State Pedagogical University)” 0.5% TPGS boosts hair growth with minoxidil, but 2% TPGS increases minoxidil absorption.
January 2021 in “대한피부과학회지” The solution increased hair density safely and effectively for hair loss.
September 2019 in “Case medical research” 103 citations
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April 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” Prostaglandin F2alpha and related compounds can increase hair growth and darken hair in mice.
2 citations
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April 2012 in “Science-business Exchange” Blocking a protein called prostaglandin D2 might help treat hair loss.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Prostaglandin E2 helps prevent hair loss from radiotherapy by protecting hair growth cells and aiding self-repair.
4 citations
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January 1989 Allergic reactions to minoxidil may be due to the propylene glycol it is mixed with, not the minoxidil itself.
October 2021 in “JAAD Case Reports” Topical glycopyrrolate lotion helped reduce excessive sweating from eating in a diabetic man.
June 1992 in “Inpharma Weekly” Patch testing with different solvents helps find the right minoxidil formulation for those with scalp allergies.
25 citations
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January 2017 in “Steroids” Allopregnanolone increases growth and changes gene activity in human brain cancer cells.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Blocking Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) could help treat hair loss.
June 2012 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Prostaglandin D2, found in higher levels in bald scalps, stops hair growth and could be a target for treating hair loss.
43 citations
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July 2013 in “Pharmacological reviews” New research on prostamide F2α has led to treatments for glaucoma and eyelash growth and may have more medical uses.
9 citations
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September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants may help treat hair loss.
16 citations
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November 2011 in “Neuroscience Letters” Progesterone protects brain cells by converting to allopregnanolone and involving GABAA receptors.
March 2023 in “International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research” The F2 Emulgel with Tridax procumbens extract showed good physical properties and antimicrobial effectiveness for wound healing.
205 citations
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March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine” PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.
November 2003 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Allopregnanolone may enhance alcohol's effects on dopamine neurons, influencing addiction risk.