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Metformin helps manage diabetes, PCOS, and weight in kids but needs more research for long-term safety.

Testosterone may both worsen and protect against COVID-19 effects in men.

Negative expectations can cause adverse effects in dermatology treatments, like with finasteride for baldness, and careful communication can help reduce these nocebo responses.

Women with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia experience more sexual dysfunction and distress.

PCOS is a long-term condition that needs more research for better understanding and treatment.

Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.

Most women with excessive hair growth have PCOS; treatment varies and focuses on preventing new hair, with electrolysis as the only permanent removal method.

Don't combine abiraterone and spironolactone for prostate cancer treatment as it may worsen the disease.

A woman was the first known case to have both polycystic ovary syndrome and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2, suggesting a need to check for both conditions in similar patients.

Acne is caused by increased sebum, abnormal skin shedding, bacteria, and inflammation, not dirt; treatments vary from creams to antibiotics or isotretinoin, with severe cases needing a dermatologist's care.

Cyproterone acetate is the preferred treatment for women's hyperandrogenism when estrogen/progestogen use is safe.

Male pattern baldness may be caused by factors like poor blood circulation, scalp tension, stress, and hormonal imbalances, but the exact causes are still unclear.

The conclusion is that a systematic approach is key for treating symmetrical alopecia in dogs, but treatment may not always be necessary.

Stress can slow hair growth and affect skin color by impacting the body's stress response system.

PSA levels are higher in women with PCOS, but FAI is a more accurate marker for diagnosis.

A woman with high testosterone and an adrenal nodule had an ovarian tumor causing her symptoms, which improved after the tumor was removed.

Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.

Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that must be used carefully to avoid serious side effects.

Anti-androgens are effective for female acne but less so for male-pattern hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.

PCOS may increase the risk of high blood pressure and heart issues.

The conclusion is that understanding the complex relationship between allergies, autoimmunity, and psychological factors is key to treating skin disorders with itching.

Finasteride and metformin both help treat PCOS, but using them together works best.

Low androgen levels can still cause female pattern hair loss.

Finasteride effectively treats hair loss and enlarged prostate in men, with mild side effects.

Gray hair can potentially be reversed, leading to new treatments.

The review suggests a comprehensive approach to treat hirsutism, focusing on hair removal, medication, and managing emotional effects.

A man with hypoparathyroidism had other health issues that led to a diagnosis of a rare autoimmune disorder, APS-1.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Severe acne in a young girl may indicate underlying hormonal issues.

The document describes skin diseases affecting the outer ear in dogs and cats, their spread to other body parts, and treatment options.