45 citations
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January 1977 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.
3 citations
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April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” A more sensitive assay was developed to detect enzyme activity converting arginine to citrulline in hair follicles.
46 citations
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November 1963 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” Arginine converts to citrulline in hair follicles as proteins harden.
15 citations
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August 1991 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics” A special diet can fix hair problems in argininosuccinase deficiency.
2 citations
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October 2023 in “Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences” Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.
1 citations
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January 1971 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Mice hair follicles take in the amino acid cystine.
4 citations
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January 1976 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Metabolic disorders can cause hair structure defects and growth issues, but amino acid levels in hair remain normal.
29 citations
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December 2017 in “Molecular therapy” Enzyme replacement therapy improved multiple symptoms of homocystinuria in mice.
November 2012 in “Journal of Clinical Pathology”
February 2019 in “Neoreviews” The infant with a urea cycle disorder improved with treatment and a liver transplant.
35 citations
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August 2010 in “The American journal of pathology” Researchers created a new mouse model for studying Citrullinemia Type I and similar conditions, showing symptoms and treatment responses like those in humans.
15 citations
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October 1970 in “Archives of disease in childhood” Hair amino acid levels can indicate metabolic disorders.
8 citations
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June 1981 in “Clinica Chimica Acta”
4 citations
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December 2014 in “European Journal of Chemistry” Iron chloride helps create compounds that could be useful in medicine, like treating hair loss.
9 citations
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August 2007 in “Journal of animal science/Journal of animal science ... and ASAS reference compendium” Sheep wool follicles absorb different amino acids at various rates and locations, which could affect wool growth based on diet and genetics.
9 citations
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January 2006 in “Cutaneous and ocular toxicology” L-cystine, D-pantothenat, and miliacin together significantly boost keratinocyte growth and metabolism.
Defective protein folding due to a mutation is key in ANE syndrome.
9 citations
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January 1981 Nucleophilic reagents break down hair keratin, forming more lanthionine and lysinoalanine than in wool.
5 citations
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September 2018 in “International journal of genomics” Genetic mutations that disrupt homocysteine breakdown lead to increased damage in mouse hair keratin.
62 citations
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December 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Enzymes called PADIs play a key role in hair growth and loss.
3 citations
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May 2024 in “Amino Acids” Disrupted cysteine metabolism may cause hair breakage in Alopecia Areata, suggesting potential treatments like N-acetylcysteine.
Ca²⁺-mediated protein citrullination controls cell growth in the CNS and may help treat brain tumors.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Certain genetic variants reduce enzyme activity, contributing to non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
14 citations
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November 2015 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Changing the diet of mice lacking the enzyme CBS can affect symptoms related to the genetic condition.
19 citations
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March 2016 in “Frontiers in Plant Science” Spermidine is essential for plant growth and adaptation to stress.
2 citations
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May 2021 in “Molecules” A new method was created to analyze certain chemicals in the urine of alopecia areata patients, revealing they have higher metanephrine content. This method can also be used for other related diseases.
ANE syndrome is caused by a mutation in the RBM28 protein that disrupts ribosome assembly.
Problems with arginine processing in hair follicles might contribute to common hair loss, and arginine supplements could help treat it.