33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
20 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
7 citations
,
December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.
February 2025 in “Animals” Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
86 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
December 2010 in “HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)” The cornea develops independently of the lens, following its own default pathway.
December 2025 in “Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology” Understanding embryologic layers improves skin disorder diagnosis and supports developing targeted therapies.
44 citations
,
May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
January 2017 in “대한미용학회지” The cuticle layer in hair follicles thickens during keratinization due to incomplete cytosol loss.
73 citations
,
January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
November 2012 in “Transplantation” Large corneum layer cells can cover wounds effectively.
130 citations
,
February 2005 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Corneal cells can transform into skin and hair cells through specific signals.
7 citations
,
May 2024 in “Tissue Barriers” The skin's outer layer relies on lipids and proteins to protect against damage.
Keratinocytes grew and migrated into hair follicle areas but disappeared after 15-20 days.
30 citations
,
January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
February 2019 in “American International Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences” The dermis of Millivora Capenesis has two layers with various connective tissues, blood vessels, glands, and sensory structures.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The conclusion is that the cornea has two types of stem cells, with Lrig1+ cells being key for renewal in aging corneas, independent of CD44.
Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.
44 citations
,
March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” A wide range of proteins are integrated into the skin's protective layer.
72 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
3 citations
,
September 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.
9 citations
,
January 1990 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The method and source of keratinocytes affect the structure of reconstructed skin.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Early and late matrix progenitors in hair follicles create different cell layers, with early ones forming the companion layer and later ones forming the inner root sheath and hair shaft.
25 citations
,
August 2020 in “Experimental eye research/Experimental Eye Research” Different types of cells in the eye express specific keratins at various stages of development.
36 citations
,
January 1994 in “Cell and Tissue Research”
10 citations
,
August 2023 in “Developmental cell” The research maps the complex development of early mouse skin, identifying diverse cell types and their roles in forming skin layers and structures.
September 2008 in “Acta Ophthalmologica” Hair follicle stem cells can become corneal-like cells with the right environment.
55 citations
,
January 2004 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Corneal cells can transform into hair-producing skin cells when exposed to certain signals.
3 citations
,
December 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The research reveals how early embryonic mouse skin develops from simple to complex structures, identifying various cell types and their roles in this process.