37 citations
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November 2002 in “Biology of Reproduction” Prenatal antiandrogen treatment altered hormone levels in adult spotted hyenas, affecting males and females differently.
40 citations
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January 2013 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Finger length ratios are not linked to the number of specific gene repeats affecting testosterone sensitivity.
22 citations
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May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Certain finger length ratios and body hair patterns may predict side effects from birth control pills in women.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
54 citations
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March 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” Prenatal pesticide exposure may cause earlier breast development in girls.
24 citations
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January 2021 in “Physiological Research” Testosterone affects brain functions and contributes to sex differences, influencing conditions like autism.
51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
72 citations
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October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
25 citations
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June 2012 in “Endocrine” PCOS may start before birth, involves metabolic issues, and can be treated with drugs like metformin and lifestyle changes.
6 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrinology” Prenatally androgenized ewes can model increased hair diameter in women with PCOS.
186 citations
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February 2015 in “Frontiers in Neuroscience” Testosterone affects brain behavior in complex and varied ways.
32 citations
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February 2017 in “Human Reproduction” Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer anogenital distance.
118 citations
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May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
143 citations
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August 1991 in “Endocrinology” Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.
34 citations
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July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.
18 citations
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March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
3 citations
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March 2024 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Prenatal and postnatal environments both affect PCOS development and gut microbiota in mice.
4 citations
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May 2019 in “Physiology & Behavior” Cocaine impairs male sexual behavior and alters testosterone metabolism in the brain.
2 citations
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August 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride treats baldness but may cause lasting sexual side effects.
1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
991 citations
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January 2011 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.
658 citations
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June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
9 citations
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February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
October 2020 in “Authorea (Authorea)” Men and women react differently to opioids, with hormones potentially influencing these differences.
25 citations
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March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
8 citations
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March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
December 2020 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.
22 citations
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October 2019 in “Cerebral cortex” Sex neurosteroids cause different effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in males and females.
28 citations
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May 2015 in “Addiction Biology” Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.
6 citations
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February 2021 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” 150 kHz electromagnetic radiation might help improve PCOS in rats.