March 2025 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Elevated testosterone, DHEA-S, and FAI help identify PCOS risk in menstrual irregularities.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Women with a certain type of tumor had higher levels of pregnancy hormone and male hormones, which decreased after treatment.
75 citations
,
June 1999 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.
6 citations
,
December 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” EZH2 is crucial for uterine gland development and female fertility.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Acta Endocrinologica” High androgen levels in postmenopausal women may suggest an ovarian tumor, and removing it can improve heart and metabolic health.
11 citations
,
August 2019 in “PubMed” Hirsutism in women is mostly caused by polycystic ovary syndrome and idiopathic hyperandrogenism.
April 2017 in “Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease” Careful diagnosis is crucial in premature pubarche cases, as 20% have other conditions.
January 2026 in “Brazilian Journal of Development” Early diagnosis and surgery can improve symptoms of ovarian hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone and symptoms like hair loss in postmenopausal women, but surgery can improve these symptoms.
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.
55 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
34 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Many young Italian women have hyperandrogenic disorders like PCOS, which are linked to age, body weight, and insulin resistance.
27 citations
,
April 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” DHT deficiency can disrupt cell connections in rat testes, possibly affecting fertility.
November 2010 in “International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience”
December 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Excess androgens may cause PCOS, not just be a symptom.
5 citations
,
March 2016 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hirsutism treatments can slow new hair growth, but existing hair needs removal, and eflornithine helps reduce hair growth.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) can mimic PCOS and requires genetic testing for proper diagnosis and treatment.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hirsutism in young girls can have various causes beyond PCOS, so diagnoses should be reconsidered if treatments don't work.
January 2024 in “Journal of surgical case reports” Removing an adrenal tumor can significantly reduce high androgen levels in postmenopausal women.
67 citations
,
February 1997 in “Teratology” Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
14 citations
,
March 2022 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
13 citations
,
June 1989 in “Pediatric clinics of North America/The Pediatric clinics of North America” The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.
35 citations
,
December 2009 in “Human reproduction” Metformin taken during pregnancy increases SHBG in newborns but doesn't change other hormone levels in mothers or babies.
85 citations
,
June 2006 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The document concludes that hirsutism is the main sign for diagnosing hyperandrogenism, which requires a detailed patient history and physical exam.
30 citations
,
March 1980 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Adrenal androgens are important for puberty and are influenced by genetics.
1 citations
,
November 2024 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Sex steroid hormones are essential for reproductive health and overall well-being.
9 citations
,
February 2013 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Mutations in the CYP21A2 gene are not a major factor in causing PCOS.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Losing weight and taking birth control pills can greatly improve severe male hormone excess in women with PCOS.