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GlossaryProgesterone Receptor

protein in cells that binds to the hormone progesterone

The Progesterone Receptor (PR) is a protein found inside cells that binds to the hormone progesterone. This receptor is crucial for regulating various reproductive processes, including the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. In the context of hair and alopecia, PRs can influence hair growth cycles and are a target for treatments aimed at conditions like androgenetic alopecia.

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Selected Variants of the Steroid-5-Alpha-Reductase Isoforms SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and the Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors ESR1, ESR2, and PGR: No Association with Female Pattern Hair Loss Identified

research Selected variants of the steroid-5-alpha-reductase isoforms SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and the sex steroid hormone receptors ESR1, ESR2 and PGR: No association with female pattern hair loss identified

18 citations , February 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”

No link found between specific genes and female pattern hair loss.

research Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone

104 citations , January 2005 in “Climacteric”

Drospirenone is a unique progestin with anti-water retention and potential blood pressure benefits, used in birth control and hormone therapy.

research The effects of sex-steroids and menstrual cycle/oestrous phases on knee ligament laxity in humans and rodents / Firouzeh Dehghan

January 2014

Knee laxity varies with menstrual cycle phases, being highest during ovulation and menstruation, and is influenced by sex-steroids.

research Anticonvulsant Activity of Progesterone and Neurosteroids in Progesterone Receptor Knockout Mice

180 citations , June 2004 in “Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics”

Progesterone's seizure-reducing effects are mainly due to allopregnanolone, not progesterone receptors.

research Anesthetic effects of progesterone are undiminished in progesterone receptor knockout mice

35 citations , January 2005 in “Brain Research”

Progesterone's anesthetic effects don't rely on progesterone receptors.

Progesterone-Independent Neurosteroid Regulation of Alpha2-GABA-A Receptors in the Hippocampus Subfields

research PR-independent neurosteroid regulation of α2-GABA-A receptors in the hippocampus subfields

14 citations , March 2017 in “Brain research”

Progesterone and its byproducts control a specific receptor in the brain independently of progesterone receptors, affecting conditions related to the menstrual cycle.

Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors in Human Skin Appendages and Their Neoplasms

research Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors in Human Skin Appendage and its Neoplasms

59 citations , January 2005 in “Endocrine Journal”

Sex steroids influence skin appendage function and neoplasm development, with changes in AR and ERalpha in certain gland neoplasms.

research Progesterone Promotes Anti-Anxiety/Depressant-like Behavior and Trophic Actions of BDNF in the Hippocampus of Female Nuclear Progesterone Receptor, but Not 5α-Reductase, Knockout Mice

4 citations , January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Progesterone reduces anxiety and depression in female mice by increasing BDNF in the brain, needing 5α-reduction and estradiol.

research Testosterone Reduces Knee Passive Range of Motion and Expression of Relaxin Receptor Isoforms via 5α-Dihydrotestosterone and Androgen Receptor Binding

23 citations , March 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Testosterone reduces knee flexibility by affecting relaxin receptors.

research Anxiolytic activity of progesterone in progesterone receptor knockout mice

151 citations , December 2004 in “Neuropharmacology”

Progesterone reduces anxiety without needing progesterone receptors.

research Relating neurosteroid modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission to behaviour

18 citations , September 2021 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology”

Neurosteroids can influence behavior by modulating brain inhibition, with potential for treating psychiatric disorders.

research Kelulut Honey Regulates Sex Steroid Receptors in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model

1 citations , November 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Kelulut Honey can help regulate sex hormone receptors in rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, similar to common medications.

research Roles of steroid receptors in the lung and COVID-19

9 citations , July 2021 in “Essays in Biochemistry”

Sex hormones may influence COVID-19 severity, with males at higher risk, and certain hormone therapies could potentially treat the virus.

research Molecular interactions of natural and synthetic steroids in female hamsters’ flank organs

1 citations , March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.

research Recent Advances in Drug Design and Drug Discovery for Androgen- Dependent Diseases

11 citations , February 2016 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry”

New treatments for prostate cancer and BPH show promise, including novel compounds that target hormone synthesis and response.

Glucocorticoid Receptor Mutants Demonstrate Increased Motility Inside the Nucleus of Living Cells: Time of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching Is an Integrated Measure of Receptor Function

research Glucocorticoid Receptor Mutants Demonstrate Increased Motility Inside the Nucleus of Living Cells: Time of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) Is an Integrated Measure of Receptor Function

31 citations , July 2004 in “Molecular Medicine”

Certain defective glucocorticoid receptor mutants move faster inside cell nuclei and work less effectively.

research Non-canonical dimerization of the androgen receptor and other nuclear receptors: implications for human disease

25 citations , June 2019 in “Endocrine Related Cancer”

Mutations in certain receptors can cause diseases and offer new treatment options.

research Androgen receptor: A promising therapeutic target in breast cancer

21 citations , March 2019 in “Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences”

The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.

Realizing the Therapeutic Potential of Neuroactive Steroid Modulators of the GABAA Receptor

research Realising the therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroid modulators of the GABAA receptor

40 citations , December 2019 in “Neurobiology of Stress”

Neuroactive steroids show promise for treating mental and neurological disorders by targeting GABA_A receptors.

Progesterone-Induced Stimulation of Mammary Tumorigenesis Is Due to the Progesterone Metabolite, 5α-Dihydroprogesterone (5αP), and Can Be Suppressed by the 5α-Reductase Inhibitor, Finasteride

research Progesterone-induced stimulation of mammary tumorigenesis is due to the progesterone metabolite, 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5αP) and can be suppressed by the 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride

21 citations , January 2015 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Progesterone byproduct 5αP stimulates mammary tumor growth, but finasteride can suppress it.

Physiopathological Role of the Enzymatic Complex 5α-Reductase and 3α/β-Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase in the Generation of Progesterone and Testosterone Neuroactive Metabolites

research Physiopathological role of the enzymatic complex 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in the generation of progesterone and testosterone neuroactive metabolites

18 citations , March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology”

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Intratumoral De Novo Steroid Synthesis Activates Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Is Upregulated by Treatment with CYP17A1 Inhibitors

research Intratumoral De Novo Steroid Synthesis Activates Androgen Receptor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Is Upregulated by Treatment with CYP17A1 Inhibitors

402 citations , August 2011 in “Cancer research”

Prostate cancer cells can make their own androgens to activate the androgen receptor, and treatments like abiraterone may increase this ability, suggesting new therapies should target the entire steroid-making pathway.

Key Targets of Hormonal Treatment of Prostate Cancer: The Androgen Receptor and 5α-Reductase

research Key targets of hormonal treatment of prostate cancer. Part 2: the androgen receptor and 5α-reductase

29 citations , July 2009 in “BJU international”

Blocking DHT production more strongly may help control advanced prostate cancer and improve quality of life.

A Novel Point Mutation in the Ligand-Binding Domain of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Causing Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: The Importance of the C Terminus in Conferring Transactivational Activity

research A Novel Point Mutation in the Ligand-Binding Domain (LBD) of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor (hGR) Causing Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: The Importance of the C Terminus of hGR LBD in Conferring Transactivational Activity

91 citations , May 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

A new mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor reduces its function and causes resistance to glucocorticoids.

Prolactin Signaling Influences the Timing Mechanism of the Hair Follicle: Analysis of Hair Growth Cycles in Prolactin Receptor Knockout Mice

research Prolactin Signaling Influences the Timing Mechanism of the Hair Follicle: Analysis of Hair Growth Cycles in Prolactin Receptor Knockout Mice*

73 citations , June 2001 in “Endocrinology”

Prolactin affects when mice shed and grow hair.

research Prolactin Signaling Influences the Timing Mechanism of the Hair Follicle: Analysis of Hair Growth Cycles in Prolactin Receptor Knockout Mice

14 citations , June 2001 in “Endocrinology”

Prolactin affects when mice shed and grow hair.

research Finasteride inhibits the disease-modifying activity of progesterone in the hippocampus kindling model of epileptogenesis

26 citations , July 2012 in “Epilepsy & Behavior”

Finasteride worsens seizures in epilepsy rats and speeds up epileptogenesis in mice.

research Finasteride inhibits the progesterone-induced spike-wave discharges in a genetic model of absence epilepsy

23 citations , July 2003 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior”

Finasteride blocks progesterone's effect on absence seizures in rats.

research Recent discoveries and developments of androgen receptor based therapy for prostate cancer

17 citations , January 2015 in “MedChemComm”

New treatments for prostate cancer are less toxic and show promise, but more research is needed to enhance their effectiveness and reduce side effects.

research Association of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene ser680 asn (rs6166) polymorphism with polycystic ovarian syndrome

4 citations , January 2016 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology”

A certain genetic variation is linked to a higher risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome.