45 citations
,
January 1977 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.
3 citations
,
January 2021 in “ScienceAsia” Using an enzyme and keratin treatment can significantly repair and strengthen damaged hair.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Protein carbonylation is a sensitive marker for oxidative damage in hair, especially from light exposure.
6 citations
,
February 2021 in “Proteins” Researchers found that the most reachable bonds in wool fibers are near the ends of certain proteins, which help stabilize the fiber's structure.
11 citations
,
April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.
70 citations
,
June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.
16 citations
,
January 2017 in “Physical chemistry chemical physics/PCCP. Physical chemistry chemical physics” The 3D structure of a key hair protein was modeled, revealing specific helical structures and stabilization features.
13 citations
,
September 2014 in “Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology” UV radiation increases protein loss from hair and reduces hair protein quality.
8 citations
,
May 2017 in “IUBMB life” Astrotactin proteins are important for brain and skin development and are linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders.
May 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair's strength, especially when wet.
November 2023 in “Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers” Scientists made nanoparticles from human hair proteins to improve drug delivery.
6 citations
,
April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
1 citations
,
January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
52 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin-associated proteins help link filaments and affect keratin's strength.
24 citations
,
October 2019 in “Genes” A new sheep gene, KRTAP36-1, may help breed sheep with better wool by reducing prickle factor.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
51 citations
,
September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
1 citations
,
March 2023 in “Journal of Natural Fibers” A gentler, less damaging method for curling hair using tyrosine works well initially but fades after washing.
75 citations
,
March 2007 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” QSOX enzymes help form protein bonds in cells, especially in tissues with high secretory activity.
Hair coloring and bleaching can permanently break down hair protein and temporarily change its properties.
June 2001 in “Proceedings of SPIE” Low energy laser therapy effectively treats certain skin conditions and improves recovery time without side effects.
25 citations
,
May 2019 in “Heliyon” Hair treatments cause significant structural changes, especially with excessive heat, regardless of ethnicity.
August 2024 in “Cosmetics” K18® and Olaplex® both effectively repair bleached hair, improving its strength, smoothness, and overall health.
52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
30 citations
,
January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
25 citations
,
December 2011 in “Surface and interface analysis” Bleaching hair causes significant damage by breaking down proteins and fatty acids.
22 citations
,
November 2014 in “Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics” Cysteines in wool fibers are accessible and form important disulfide bonds.
4 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair moisture behavior helps tell apart different chemical treatments and reveals insights into hair structure.
June 2017 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” Polymers help reduce damage and improve bleached hair when used during or after bleaching.
10 citations
,
February 2018 in “Royal Society Open Science” Modified wheat protein in shampoo repairs and smooths damaged hair effectively.