March 2023 in “East African scholars journal of medical sciences” Metformin may help regulate periods and cause modest weight loss in PCOS patients, but more research is needed.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Researchers created human cells that can turn into sebocytes, which may help study and treat skin conditions like acne.
95 citations
,
February 2019 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Mutations in the PADI3 gene are linked to a higher risk of scarring hair loss in women of African descent.
December 2025 in “ADMET & DMPK” Personalized treatments for hair loss focus on specific genetic and biological pathways.
243 citations
,
October 2003 in “Developmental biology” Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.
152 citations
,
December 2007 in “Gender Medicine” Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.
138 citations
,
July 2015 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.
87 citations
,
May 2018 in “Scientific Reports” Higher free testosterone levels in men are linked to a stronger immune response, not weaker.
58 citations
,
December 2018 in “Nature Communications” Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.
48 citations
,
May 2015 in “PLOS ONE” DNA variants can predict male pattern baldness, with higher risk scores increasing baldness likelihood.
29 citations
,
January 2009 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain blood clotting factors, suggesting a greater risk of cardiovascular issues.
20 citations
,
October 2021 in “PLoS ONE” Newborn skin is uniquely prepared to adapt to new environments compared to adult skin.
14 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in Clinical Chemistry” The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.
12 citations
,
February 2021 in “Translational Psychiatry” Researchers found two new genetic variants linked to Alzheimer's disease.
12 citations
,
November 2014 in “PLOS Computational Biology” The study concluded that hair growth in mice is regulated by a stable interaction between skin cell types, and disrupting this can cause hair loss.
11 citations
,
April 2013 in “Journal of Proteomics” Found different proteins in balding and non-balding cells, giving insight into hair loss causes.
10 citations
,
September 2020 in “Biopolymers” Hair's structure and properties change with pH; acidic pH maintains strength and less swelling, while alkaline pH increases water content and swelling.
9 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology” Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have thicker heart fat and are at higher risk for heart problems and early atherosclerosis.
9 citations
,
May 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Young women with PCOS and no other heart risk factors have normal heart function.
8 citations
,
November 2022 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Human hair varies widely and should be classified by curl type rather than race.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “Precision clinical medicine” Researchers found four genes that could help diagnose severe alopecia areata early.
1 citations
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August 2000 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” Boosting mitochondrial energy production with supplements like acetyl-L-carnitine may improve aging-related cellular function and health conditions.
December 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” MicroRNA-205 helps hair grow by changing the stiffness and contraction of hair follicle cells.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
13 citations
,
May 2021 in “Plants” The leaf extract of Leea indica may reduce inflammation, dissolve blood clots, and promote hair growth.
11 citations
,
May 2018 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B” New materials help control stem cell growth and specialization for medical applications.
March 2026 in “Nature Communications” Genetic factors, skin barrier, immune function, and obesity influence risk of fungal skin infections.
December 2025 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology” Agomelatine may help reduce benign prostatic hyperplasia by blocking certain inflammatory pathways.
August 2023 in “Repository of the University of Primorsk (University of Primorska)” A Western diet may increase acne risk, while a Mediterranean diet and certain supplements can help reduce it.
282 citations
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October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.