September 2020 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” Protein hair straighteners damage the hair more than hair dyes.
18 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Straightening and coloring hair, especially with sodium hydroxide, greatly increases protein loss.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” The new hair straightening method keeps hair straight permanently by using specific creams and heat.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
25 citations
,
May 2008 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Conditioning agents, especially jojoba oil and lauryl PEG/PPG-18/18 methicone, protect and strengthen chemically straightened Afro-ethnic hair.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
October 2025 in “Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation” Hair-straightening products with glyoxylic acid can cause kidney damage.
3 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Using both TGA and DTDG in hair straightening reduces hair damage compared to using TGA alone.
January 2017 in “Clinical approaches and procedures in cosmetic dermatology” Cosmetic procedures can harm hair, but damage can be minimized with knowledge and care; however, once hair is damaged, it cannot be reliably repaired.
25 citations
,
May 2019 in “Heliyon” Hair treatments cause significant structural changes, especially with excessive heat, regardless of ethnicity.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.
15 citations
,
June 2019 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Chemical and physical treatments like bleaching, dyeing, and UV radiation damage both Caucasian and Afro-ethnic hair.
52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
1 citations
,
March 2025 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” BECD helps straighten wavy hair by reducing undulation.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new amino acid derivative, ATS, improves hair texture and moisture, making it easier to straighten curly hair.
8 citations
,
November 2022 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Human hair varies widely and should be classified by curl type rather than race.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Health Management Review” Alkaline substances can severely damage hair and scalp health.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “Biotechnology reports” Recombinant keratin K31 makes damaged hair thicker, stronger, and straighter.
28 citations
,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
7 citations
,
August 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Chemical hair straightening improves smoothness and shine but may cause side effects, suggesting a need for safer methods.
September 2025 in “Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA” Chemical hair straighteners can severely damage hair and scalp with repeated use.
8 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of analytical toxicology.” Chemical hair straightening significantly reduces detectable drug levels in hair.
20 citations
,
July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” Thioglycolate lotions are the most popular method for permanent waving and hair straightening.
3 citations
,
June 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Lower pH straighteners change hair more but weaken it.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening changes hair structure and can cause damage if done wrong, but improvements in the methods are expected to continue.
3 citations
,
March 2024 in “Discover Applied Sciences” Spirulina proteins can improve hair smoothness and strength in hair care products.
7 citations
,
May 2021 in “Applied sciences” Proteins like BSA and keratin can effectively style hair and protect it, offering eco-friendly alternatives to chemical products.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” Hair straightening can damage hair and pose health risks, including exposure to carcinogens and hair loss.
January 2019 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” Advanced microscopy shows hair damage and keratin proteins' roles, aiding future cosmetic treatments.
Water and fatty acids affect hair's surface differently based on hair damage, and models can help understand hair-cosmetic interactions.