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GlossaryProteoglycans

large molecules with protein cores and sugar chains

Proteoglycans are large molecules found in the body that consist of a core protein attached to long chains of sugars called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). They play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of tissues, including the skin and hair, by providing hydration and resilience. In the context of hair, proteoglycans are important for the growth cycle and health of hair follicles.

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Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms Behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin with Marilex in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium

research Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® with Marilex® in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium

10 citations , May 2020 in “Dermatology Research and Practice”

Proteoglycans are important for hair growth, and a specific treatment can help reduce hair loss.

research A newly discovered linkage between proteoglycans and hair biology: decorin acts as an anagen inducer

10 citations , June 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Decorin, a protein, may help start hair growth and could be used to treat hair loss.

research Proteoglycans and Associated Proteins of the Mammalian Hair Follicle

7 citations , May 1995 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Pregnancy and the Hair Growth Cycle: Anagen Induction Against Hair Growth Disruption Using Nourkrin with Marilex, a Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy

research Pregnancy and the hair growth cycle: anagen induction against hair growth disruption using Nourkrin^® with Marilex^®, a proteoglycan replacement therapy

5 citations , September 2016 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Nourkrin® with Marilex® may increase hair count by 35.7% in postpartum hair loss.

research Salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan stimulates hair growth

3 citations , October 2023 in “Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry”

Salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan may help hair grow.

research Novel Effect of Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 (HAPLN1) on Hair Follicle Cells Proliferation and Hair Growth

1 citations , August 2023 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics”

HAPLN1 can promote hair growth and may help treat hair loss.

Lifestyle Diseases and the Hair Growth Cycle: A Multidisciplinary Approach Using Nourkrin with Marilex, a Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy, for Anagen Induction and Maintenance

research Lifestyle Diseases and the Hair Growth Cycle: A multidisciplinary approach using Nourkrin® with Marilex®, a proteoglycan replacement therapy, for anagen induction and maintenance

1 citations , December 2017

The study suggests that treating early hair loss with Nourkrin® with Marilex® can help prevent further hair loss and may be linked to reducing the risk of lifestyle diseases.

research A proteoglycan-based topical treatment for hair greying: in vitro antioxidant and pro-melanogenic effects

January 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

PP-PTKL may help treat hair greying, but more testing is needed.

research Investigation of the comprehensive treatment’s clinical efficacy of various types of alopecia using proteoglycan replacement therapy

April 2023 in “Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology”

Proteoglycan replacement therapy improved hair conditions in most patients with alopecia.

research Staining of human skin with RGB trichrome unveils a proteoglycan-enriched zone in the hair dermal sheath

September 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A new staining method shows a special area in the hair's skin layer with lots of proteoglycans.

COVID-19 Can Exacerbate Pattern Hair Loss and Trigger Telogen Effluvium: The Role of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin in Clinical Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Hair Loss

research COVID-19 Can Exacerbate Pattern Hair Loss and Trigger Telogen Effluvium - The Role of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® in Clinical Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Hair Loss

July 2021 in “Journal of dermatology research and therapy”

COVID-19 may worsen hair loss, and Nourkrin® could be a safe treatment option, but more research is needed.

research COVID-19 Can Exacerbate Pattern Hair Loss and Trigger Telogen Effluvium – The Role of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® in Clinical Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Hair Loss

December 2020

COVID-19 may increase hair loss, and Nourkrin® could help treat it.

Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Hair Growth Cycle: Addressing Hair Growth Disruptions Using Nourkrin with Marilex as a Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy: A Concise Review

research Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease and the Hair Growth Cycle: Addressing hair growth disruptions using Nourkrin® with Marilex® as a proteoglycan replacement therapy: A concise review

May 2018

Nourkrin® with Marilex® may significantly increase hair growth and alopecia could be an early sign of metabolic syndrome.

research Editorial: Growth and Tissue Regeneration with focus on Proteoglycans

March 2023 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Proteoglycans are vital for tissue growth and healing, with potential as treatment targets.

research Role of proteoglycans in the treatment of alopecia of various genesis

September 2021 in “Медицинский совет”

Proteoglycans, especially in Nourkrin®, can effectively and safely treat hair loss.

research NG2 Proteoglycan Expression in Mouse Skin: Altered Postnatal Skin Development in the NG2 Null Mouse

39 citations , November 2007 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

NG2 is crucial for normal skin and hair development in mice.

research Extracellular proteoglycan decorin maintains human hair follicle stem cells

11 citations , October 2018 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Decorin helps keep hair follicle stem cells and may prevent age-related hair loss.

research Managing Skin Ageing as a Modifiable Disorder—The Clinical Application of Nourella® Dual Approach Comprising a Nano-Encapsulated Retinoid, Retilex-A® and a Skin Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy, Vercilex®

4 citations , March 2022 in “Cosmetics”

Nourella® effectively improves skin thickness and elasticity, reversing aging signs.

research Dynamic expression patterns of tenascin, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion molecules during human hair follicle morphogenesis

67 citations , February 1994 in “Developmental dynamics”

Specific proteins and molecules play key roles in the development of human hair follicles.

research Epidermal and Hair Follicle Progenitor Cells Express Melanoma-Associated Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Core Protein

51 citations , February 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

MCSP may help identify and regulate skin stem cells, affecting hair growth and regeneration.

research Hair Follicle Proteoglycans.

44 citations , July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Hair Histology and Glycosaminoglycans Distribution Probed by Infrared Spectral Imaging: Focus on Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan and Glypican-1 during Hair Growth Cycle

9 citations , January 2021 in “Biomolecules”

Infrared spectral imaging can map hair growth proteins and sugars without staining.

research Immunofluorescent localization of collagen types I, III and IV, fibronectin, laminin, and basement membrane proteoglycan in developing mouse skin

20 citations , July 1987 in “Development Genes and Evolution”

research Molecular Control of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions During Hair Follicle Cycling

277 citations , June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.

research Hair cycle-specific expression of versican in human hair follicles

88 citations , May 2005 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Versican, a protein, is less present in thinning hair follicles and this decrease might contribute to common hair loss in men.

research Skin connective tissue and ageing

77 citations , July 2013 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology”

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

research Stress and the Hair Growth Cycle: Cortisol-Induced Hair Growth Disruption.

69 citations , August 2016 in “PubMed”

High stress can disrupt hair growth, but certain supplements might help.

research The hair follicle enigma

25 citations , March 2017 in “Experimental Dermatology”

The document concludes that understanding hair follicles requires more research using computational methods and an integrative approach, considering the current limitations in hair treatment products.

research Expression of extracellular matrix in hair follicle mesenchyme in alopecia areata

11 citations , December 1990 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Alopecia areata may involve disrupted mesenchymal function in hair follicles.

research Decorin promotes proliferation and migration of ORS keratinocytes and maintains hair anagen in mice

10 citations , August 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Decorin helps hair cells grow and move, and keeps hair growth phase going in mice.