August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that tight junctions reach the top layer of the skin's stratum granulosum, not just the second top layer as previously thought.
3 citations
,
January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
10 citations
,
December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
August 1993 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”
January 1997 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hair and nails are skin parts that develop early and serve protective and functional roles.
22 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The 4C32 gene may help in mouse skin development and differentiation.
15 citations
,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
Keratinocytes grew and migrated into hair follicle areas but disappeared after 15-20 days.
65 citations
,
December 2000 in “PubMed” The biology of skin and hair is complex and not fully understood.
15 citations
,
October 2004 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Holes in mature hair are likely caused by the removal of substances during hair care.
14 citations
,
April 1995 in “Transplantation” Human hair follicle cells can be used to help heal and replace skin.
January 1997 in “Han-guk hyeonmigyeong hakoeji/Applied microscopy” The hair follicle's connection to connective tissue is weaker than the skin's.
28 citations
,
September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
10 citations
,
July 1984 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Epidermal cysts come from the skin, while pilar cysts come from hair follicles.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “PROTOPLASMA” January 2007 in “Zhonghua shiyan waike zazhi” Basal layer skin cells help form the epidermis and hair follicles.
2 citations
,
January 1989 Researchers developed a method to grow skin-like tissue from hair cells.
17 citations
,
November 1967 in “American Journal of Anatomy” Hairless mice have longer hair follicles and abnormal structures during the catagen phase.
September 2012 in “대한피부과학회지” Desmocollin 1 helps maintain skin structure during fetal development.
24 citations
,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
13 citations
,
September 2012 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research” pCLCA2 protein may help maintain skin structure and function.
7 citations
,
December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.
April 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hair care products mainly work on the hair's surface and need professional guidance for use.
February 1990 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells and skin cells differ in keratinization and other features.
13 citations
,
December 1983 in “Canadian journal of zoology” Heterotypic cell contacts likely help hair matrix cells differentiate during mouse hair follicle development.
14 citations
,
May 2022 in “Stem cell reports” The study created hair-bearing skin models that lack a key protein for skin layer attachment, limiting their use for certain skin disease research.
8 citations
,
February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
12 citations
,
January 2013 in “Acta Histochemica” Junctional proteins stabilize the inner root sheath and connect the companion layer in human hair.
36 citations
,
December 1991 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Human nails contain both skin and hair keratins, each needing different extraction methods.
42 citations
,
September 1990 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”