13 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
11 citations
,
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” Gender-affirming therapy can cause skin issues like acne and hair loss in transgender adolescents, and more research is needed on its dermatological effects.
49 citations
,
March 2018 in “Toxicological sciences” Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.
29 citations
,
February 2016 in “Scandinavian journal of urology” Late puberty may slightly lower prostate cancer risk, baldness is not linked to overall risk but less so with aggressive types, ibuprofen use may increase risk, and vitamins show no effect on risk.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
173 citations
,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
5 citations
,
July 2019 in “Nutrients” Low selenium intake may delay puberty in boys but not in girls.
19 citations
,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.
2 citations
,
September 1989 in “PubMed” Canrenone effectively reduced hair growth and testosterone levels in women with excessive hairiness.
284 citations
,
February 2008 in “Pediatrics” Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.
166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Pediatrics in review” A 7-year-old boy with a brain tumor developed early puberty, which was successfully treated with medication.
February 2020 in “Acta Scientific Women's Health” PCOS is a common condition in women that can lead to infertility and other health issues, and it's diagnosed by specific criteria with various treatment options available.
30 citations
,
March 2001 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.
22 citations
,
March 2019 in “Environmental health” Higher fluoride levels may delay puberty in boys.
2 citations
,
March 2001 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” Small hormonal imbalances can cause significant health problems, so more sensitive testing for hormone-disrupting chemicals is needed.
January 2024 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Treating early puberty with hormone therapy may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
34 citations
,
July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.
14 citations
,
January 2020 in “PloS one” Timing of light therapy affects horse coat growth, with photoperiod being crucial.
11 citations
,
August 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinology” DHEA acts like a male hormone on rat skin glands and doesn't turn into female hormones there.
7 citations
,
January 2018 in “Australian Prescriber” Some sports supplements can cause health issues like mood swings, hair loss, and heart problems in men.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Metformin improved menstrual cycle regularity and signs of hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but did not improve blood sugar control.
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Pubertal acne is linked to hormonal changes, affects quality of life, and is treated similarly to adult acne.
124 citations
,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.