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GlossaryRegulatory T Cells

specialized immune cells that prevent autoimmune responses

Regulatory T Cells, often abbreviated as Tregs, are a specialized subset of T cells in the immune system that help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases. They function by suppressing the activity of other immune cells, thereby preventing excessive or misdirected immune responses that could damage the body's own tissues.

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research 083 More Expression of IL-17 than IFN-γ from CD49a-negative Tissue-Resident Memory T (Trm) cells at the Hair Bulge and Hair Bulb Region in the Scalp of Chronic Alopecia Areata Patients according to the Foxp3+mTregs depletion

September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

IL-17 and certain immune cells are linked to more severe alopecia areata.

research Human epidermal resident memory T cells: beyond the dermal perspective

July 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Epidermal resident memory T cells play a crucial role in skin immunity and disease understanding.

research 068 Pathogenic Th17 cells, CD8+CD69+CD49a- tissue-resident memory T cells and common γ chain receptor + natural killer cells express more IL-17, compared to IFN-γ, under the foxp3+ memory regulatory T cells-depleted microenvironment in patients with chronic alopecia areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

IL-17 plays a key role in severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.

research Distinct Regulatory Programs Control the Latent Regenerative Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts during Wound Healing

128 citations , August 2020 in “Cell stem cell”

Dermal fibroblasts have adjustable roles in wound healing, with specific cells promoting regeneration or scar formation.

research Regulatory T-Cells: Potential Regulator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration

188 citations , March 2018 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.

Regulatory T Cells in Skin: Role of Foxp3+ CD4+ Tregs in Skin Homeostasis and Immune Tolerance

research Regulatory T cells in skin

110 citations , July 2017 in “Immunology”

Skin's Regulatory T cells are crucial for maintaining skin health and could be targeted to treat immune-related skin diseases and cancer.

T Helper 17 Cell/Regulatory T-Cell Imbalance in Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa: The Link to Hair Follicle Dissection, Obesity, Smoking, and Autoimmune Comorbidities

research T helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell imbalance in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: the link to hair follicle dissection, obesity, smoking and autoimmune comorbidities

66 citations , March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

research Regulatory T Cells: the Many Faces of Foxp3

125 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

research Regulatory T cells: master orchestrators of immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis

2 citations , June 2026 in “Frontiers in Science”

Regulatory T cells help control the immune system and could lead to new treatments for diseases.

research Regulatory T cell dysfunction and immunotherapeutic breakthroughs in type 1 diabetes

2 citations , January 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

Next-generation Treg therapies could help achieve lasting immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes.

research HuR ablation destabilizes Foxp3 mRNA and impairs regulatory T cell function, contributing to an autoimmune phenotype

1 citations , September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

HuR is essential for Treg function and preventing autoimmunity.

research Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity in the Steady State and Tumor

January 2026 in “Immune Network”

Regulatory T cells adapt to different environments to control inflammation and support tissue repair.

Regulatory Effect of Beta-Catenin on Proliferation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Involves PI3K/Akt Pathway

research Regulatory effect of β-catenin on proliferation of hair follicle stem cells involves PI3K/Akt pathway

11 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Applied Biomedicine”

β-catenin helps hair follicle stem cells grow by activating a specific cell pathway.

CD80CD86 Deficiency Disrupts Regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ T Cell Homeostasis and Induces Autoimmune-Like Alopecia

research CD80CD86 deficiency disrupts regulatory CD4+FoxP3+T cell homoeostasis and induces autoimmune-like alopecia

6 citations , April 2017 in “Experimental dermatology”

CD80CD86 deficiency causes hair loss by disrupting regulatory T cells.

Alopecia Areata Patients Show Deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T Regulatory Cells and Clonotypic Restriction of Treg TCRβ-Chain, Highlighting the Immunopathological Aspect of the Disease

research Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCRβ-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease

30 citations , July 2019 in “PloS one”

Patients with Alopecia areata have fewer specific immune cells that normally regulate the immune system, which may contribute to the condition.

research Control of hair follicle cell fate by underlying mesenchyme through a CSL–Wnt5a–FoxN1 regulatory axis

95 citations , July 2010 in “Genes & development”

Notch/CSL signaling controls hair follicle differentiation through Wnt5a and FoxN1.

Expression and Roles of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) Protein in Non-Classical, Extra-Adrenal, and Extra-Gonadal Cells and Tissues

research Expression and roles of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in ‘non-classical’, extra-adrenal and extra-gonadal cells and tissues

48 citations , February 2013 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology”

The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.

research Treg–tissue cell interactions in repair and regeneration

April 2024 in “The Journal of experimental medicine/The journal of experimental medicine”

Treg cells help repair and regenerate tissues by interacting with local cells.

research Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing

3 citations , October 2023 in “Military Medical Research/Military medical research”

Regulatory T cells help heal skin and grow hair, and their absence can lead to healing issues and hair loss.

research The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata

May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Treg cell-based therapies might help treat hair loss from alopecia areata, but more research is needed to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Human Regulatory T Cells: Role in Autoimmune Skin Diseases and Post-Transplant Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

research Human Regulatory T Cells: Understanding the Role of Tregs in Select Autoimmune Skin Diseases and Post-Transplant Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

1 citations , January 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Understanding how Regulatory T Cells work could help create treatments for certain skin diseases and cancers.

Human FOXN1 Deficiency Is Associated with Alpha Beta Double-Negative and FoxP3 Positive T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

research Human FOXN1-Deficiency Is Associated with αβ Double-Negative and FoxP3+ T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

32 citations , May 2012 in “PloS one”

Thymic transplantation normalized some T-cells but not others, maintaining immune function.

research Regulatory T cells in dominant immunologic tolerance

26 citations , September 2023 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

Regulatory T cells help prevent autoimmunity and have potential for treating autoimmune diseases.

research Tissue Resident Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: Sentinels and Saboteurs in Health and Disease

9 citations , March 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells are important for immunity and tolerance, affect hair growth and wound healing, and their dysfunction can contribute to obesity-related diseases and other health issues.

The Regulatory Role of the Tetrapeptide AcSDKP in Skin and Hair Physiology and the Prevention of Aging Effects in These Tissues – A Potential Cosmetic Role

research The regulatory role of the tetrapeptide AcSDKP in skin and hair physiology and the prevention of ageing effects in these tissues – a potential cosmetic role

13 citations , March 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

AcSDKP may help prevent skin and hair aging and promote their growth.

research Melatonin-Mediated Circadian Rhythm Signaling Exhibits Bidirectional Regulatory Effects on the State of Hair Follicle Stem Cells

February 2025 in “Biomolecules”

Melatonin can help or hinder hair growth depending on the dose.

research lncRNA2919 Suppresses Rabbit Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation via trans-Regulatory Actions

4 citations , August 2022 in “Cells”

lncRNA2919 slows down rabbit hair growth by stopping cell growth and causing cell death.