3 citations
,
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Relaxer treatments damage African–American hair, with commercial products causing more harm than lab-made solutions.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.
29 citations
,
May 2007 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair relaxers can cause lasting scalp damage and hair loss.
12 citations
,
November 2019 in “South African Medical Journal” Lye and no-lye hair relaxers can damage skin.
4 citations
,
July 2016 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Dermatologists should use hair relaxers carefully to avoid hair and scalp damage, following specific guidelines for application and maintenance.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Preprints.org” Hair relaxers and straighteners can be toxic to skin cells.
1 citations
,
November 2011 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Women using hair relaxers with alopecia had lower zinc levels, suggesting zinc deficiency might contribute to hair loss.
May 2026 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” Using hair relaxers may increase breast cancer risk.
January 2026 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Lye relaxers don't significantly change hair cortisol levels.
June 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” Frequent use of chemical hair relaxers may increase endometrial cancer risk in Black women.
February 2019 in “IP Indian journal of clinical and experimental dermatology” Continuous use of hair relaxers and curlers can cause hair loss, dryness, dandruff, thinning, greying, and split ends.
August 2005 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Polymethylene wax in hair relaxers makes hair smooth and shiny with less damage.
1 citations
,
August 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Caffeine may protect hair follicles from stress-related hair loss.
June 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Chemical hair relaxers are not proven to cause uterine cancer.
25 citations
,
August 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” African American women report more hair issues and use different hair care practices than Caucasian women, and have different hair and scalp characteristics.
11 citations
,
January 2000 in “Journal of cosmetic science” Hydrolyzed wheat proteins penetrate all hair types effectively.
2 citations
,
January 2011 Relaxers straighten African hair by breaking down its helical structure using strong bases.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
July 2012 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and treatment of nonscarring alopecias can improve quality of life and hair regrowth is possible as the hair follicle remains intact.
June 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Title change to "Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)"; common in African American women; hair-grooming methods may contribute; no effective therapy found; trials needed.
75 citations
,
March 2009 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” CCCA is a hair loss type affecting African women, possibly caused by grooming and chemicals, with various treatments and needing more research.
60 citations
,
April 2018 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” Tight hairstyles and chemical relaxers can cause hair loss known as traction alopecia.
57 citations
,
September 2005 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Frequent use of chemical hair relaxants is linked to increased scarring hair loss in Nigerian women.
55 citations
,
October 2003 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Different hair care practices and conditions affect African American hair and scalp health, requiring specialized knowledge for treatment.
17 citations
,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Understanding and treating hair disorders in different ethnic groups requires knowledge of specific hair care practices and hair characteristics.
13 citations
,
June 2021 in “Carcinogenesis” Certain hair straighteners and dyes may increase ovarian cancer risk, especially in African American/Black women.
8 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of analytical toxicology.” Chemical hair straightening significantly reduces detectable drug levels in hair.
8 citations
,
January 1986 in “The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology” Hair loss surgeries like grafts, scalp reductions, and flap rotations can be effective for black men with proper technique adjustments.
3 citations
,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Hair care products clean, protect, style, color, and change hair structure.
2 citations
,
January 2020 in “Skin appendage disorders” Long hair can cause hair loss due to constant pulling.