The nail immune system is similar to hair but different from skin, with fewer immune markers.
June 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” ILC1-like cells can cause alopecia areata by attacking hair follicles.
44 citations
,
December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Certain genetic markers, especially the MICA gene, are linked to alopecia areata.
7 citations
,
July 2020 in “Immunological Investigations” The rs231775 genetic variant is linked to a higher risk and severity of Alopecia Areata in males.
4 citations
,
November 2015 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Eosinophilic esophagitis may trigger alopecia areata in some patients.
16 citations
,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune hair loss condition that needs more research for better treatments.
27 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity” iNKT cells can help prevent and treat alopecia areata by promoting hair regrowth.
18 citations
,
February 2023 in “eLife” ILC1-like cells can independently cause alopecia areata.
55 citations
,
October 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata is linked to immune-related genes, suggesting JAK inhibitors as a potential treatment.
February 2026 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune system issues and specific cell types that disrupt hair growth, leading to hair loss.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Frontiers in Immunology” A humanized CXCL12 antibody may delay and treat alopecia areata by altering the immune response.
82 citations
,
March 2016 in “Autoimmunity reviews” Animal models have helped understand hair loss from alopecia areata and find new treatments.
35 citations
,
June 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The DQB1*03 allele is linked to higher alopecia areata risk in Italians.
4 citations
,
November 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” New treatments targeting T-cell pathways are needed for better alopecia areata management.
64 citations
,
July 2016 in “Journal of Immunology” Blocking the CXCR3 receptor reduces T cell accumulation in the skin and prevents hair loss in mice.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” A humanized IL-2 fusion protein boosts T regulatory cells and helps control hair loss in Alopecia Areata.
31 citations
,
October 1992 in “PubMed” A mycobacterial protein shares a similar region with a human skin protein, possibly affecting skin diseases.
161 citations
,
March 1992 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Alopecia areata often starts before age 20, is more common in women, and may have a genetic link with other autoimmune diseases.
1 citations
,
November 2016 in “Saengmyeong gwahag hoeji/Saengmyeong gwahak hoeji” New treatments for the autoimmune hair loss condition alopecia areata may include JAK inhibitors and other immunomodulators.
January 2022 in “International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences” Autoimmune diseases cause the immune system to attack the body, and management varies as some are curable and others are not.
December 2021 in “International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences” Autoimmune diseases cause the immune system to attack the body, and management varies as some are curable and others are not.
2 citations
,
October 1990 in “PubMed” Severe alopecia areata involves higher levels of certain immune cells, which can be normalized with betamethasone.
16 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Blocking interferon-gamma helps prevent and treat hair loss in Alopecia Areata.
20 citations
,
November 2019 in “Stem Cells” Hes1 protein is important for hair growth and regeneration, and could be a potential treatment for hair loss.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Epigenetic changes contribute to autoimmune skin diseases.
22 citations
,
June 2010 in “Experimental Dermatology” Lower MC2R expression may contribute to alopecia areata.
3 citations
,
May 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Biopsy can differentiate between alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia, and if more information is needed, testing for CD3 and CD8 can help.
January 2008 in “Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)” Alopecia can be linked to autoimmune diseases and shows different hair loss patterns.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Skin appendage disorders” The complement system might be involved in the development of alopecia areata and could lead to new treatments.