research Cornification in reptilian epidermis occurs through the deposition of keratin‐associated beta‐proteins (beta‐keratins) onto a scaffold of intermediate filament keratins
Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
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30 / 1000+ resultsresearch Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to the cornification of skin derivatives in amniotes
Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
research The Process of Cornification Evolved From the Initial Keratinization in the Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives of Vertebrates: A New Synthesis and the Case of Sauropsids
Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
research Review: Evolution and diversification of corneous beta‐proteins, the characteristic epidermal proteins of reptiles and birds
Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
research The Story of the Finest Armor: Developmental Aspects of Reptile Skin
Reptile skin protects and prevents water loss, helping them adapt to land.
research Immunolocalization of Scaffoldin, a Trichohyalin‐Like Protein, in the Epidermis of the Chicken Embryo
Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
research Single-cell transcriptomics defines keratinocyte differentiation in avian scutate scales
The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.
research Convergent Evolution of Cysteine-Rich Keratins in Hard Skin Appendages of Terrestrial Vertebrates
Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
research Identification of reptilian genes encoding hair keratin-like proteins suggests a new scenario for the evolutionary origin of hair
Reptiles have genes similar to hair proteins, suggesting hair's genetic origins predate mammals.
research Immunolocalization of a Histidine-Rich Epidermal Differentiation Protein in the Chicken Supports the Hypothesis of an Evolutionary Developmental Link between the Embryonic Subperiderm and Feather Barbs and Barbules
A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
research An Investigation of Hair and its Keratin Associated Proteins using Advanced Light Microscopy
Advanced microscopy shows hair damage and keratin proteins' roles, aiding future cosmetic treatments.
research Perspectives on Hair Evolution Based on Some Comparative Studies on Vertebrate Cornification
Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
research Skin Appendage Proteins of Tetrapods: Building Blocks of Claws, Feathers, Hair and Other Cornified Epithelial Structures
Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
research Mammalian keratin associated proteins (KRTAPs) subgenomes: disentangling hair diversity and adaptation to terrestrial and aquatic environments
Different hair types in mammals are linked to variations in specific protein genes, with changes influenced by their living environments.
research Cornified Epithelial Teeth of Jawless Vertebrates Contain Proteins Similar to Keratin-Associated Proteins of Mammalian Skin Appendages
Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.
research Fine structure and immunocytochemistry of monotreme hairs, with emphasis on the inner root sheath and trichohyalin‐based cornification during hair evolution
Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
research Structure and Mechanical Properties of Human Trichocyte Keratin Intermediate Filament Protein
Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
research Evo Devo of the Vertebrates Integument
The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.
research Contribution of Environmental Constituents in the Genomic Disruption of Cytokeratins
Environmental factors can cause mutations in skin proteins, leading to skin disorders.
research Structural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of Keratinization in Vertebrate Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives
Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
research Measurement of Steroid Hormones in Hair: an Analysis of Hormone Dynamics in Hair Follicles
The method accurately measures steroid hormones in hair to study hormone dynamics related to hair loss.
research Genomic Organization, Transcriptomic Analysis, and Functional Characterization of Avian α- and β-Keratins in Diverse Feather Forms
Feather diversity is due to different keratin gene combinations, and chickens can help study human keratin diseases.
research Dermo‐epidermal interactions in reptilian scales: Speculations on the evolution of scales, feathers, and hairs
Reptilian scales, feathers, and hairs evolved from changes in skin cell interactions.
research Reptile scale paradigm: Evo-Devo, pattern formation and regeneration
Reptile scales help us understand the evolution of skin features like hair and feathers.
research Trichohyalin-Like Proteins Have Evolutionarily Conserved Roles in the Morphogenesis of Skin Appendages
Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
research Recurrent functional divergence of early tetrapod keratins in amphibian toe pads and mammalian hair
Early tetrapod keratins evolved into toe pad proteins in amphibians and hair proteins in mammals.
research Structure and hair follicle-specific expression of genes encoding the rat high sulfur protein B2 family
The B2 genes are crucial for hair growth in rats.
research An Overview on Functional and Structural Properties of Monomeric and Multimeric β-Thymosin in Invertebrates
β-thymosin in invertebrates is more complex and diverse than in vertebrates.
research Human hair keratin-associated proteins: Sequence regularities and structural implications
Keratin-associated proteins help link filaments and affect keratin's strength.
research Structure and expression of genes for a class of cysteine-rich proteins of the cuticle layers of differentiating wool and hair follicles.
Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.