158 citations
,
August 2011 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.
143 citations
,
September 2008 in “Experimental gerontology” Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.
137 citations
,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
134 citations
,
February 2005 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” GABRA2 gene variations impact alcohol response, and hair loss medication finasteride reduces some effects.
130 citations
,
September 2018 in “Cell Reports” Macrophages help heal nerves by aiding the maturation of Schwann cells and are important for nerve repair.
129 citations
,
May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell” Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.
114 citations
,
March 2021 in “Scientific Reports” Older age and existing health conditions increase COVID-19 death risk.
86 citations
,
July 1993 in “Drugs” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.
82 citations
,
May 2009 in “Development” EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.
81 citations
,
July 2012 in “Translational Psychiatry” Memantine may slightly improve memory in people with Down syndrome, but more research is needed.