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Isotretinoin effectively treats severe acne and similar conditions, but has common, mostly reversible side effects, requiring careful patient monitoring.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.

Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.

Finasteride doesn't harm male fertility or sperm quality, but may slightly reduce ejaculate volume.

Male hormones and their receptors play a key role in hair loss and skin health, with potential new treatments being explored.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.

Long-term parenteral nutrition without zinc can cause severe zinc deficiency.

Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

PPAR agonists show promise for skin conditions but need more research before being a main treatment.

Androgens play a complex role in skin conditions like acne and hair loss in women, and normal blood levels don't always show true androgen status.

Athletes use steroids to enhance performance despite health risks and legal issues, and education on their dangers is needed.

Androgens like testosterone affect hair growth and oil production differently across body parts and individuals.

The document concludes that mouse models are crucial for studying hair biology and that all mutant mice may have hair growth abnormalities that require detailed analysis to identify.

Seborrhea in Parkinson's disease may be linked to hormones, not autonomic impairment.

Longer CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.

Patients with acanthosis nigricans often have insulin resistance and signs of increased male hormones, but treatment targeting these male hormones is generally ineffective.

Heparan sulfate is important for hair growth, preventing new hair formation in mature skin, and controlling oil gland development.

Excessive hair growth can be assessed by history, exam, and blood tests, and treated with medication like dexamethasone, birth control pills, and spironolactone.

Deleting MED1 in skin cells causes hair loss and skin changes.

Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.

Intravaginal testosterone cream improves sexual satisfaction and reduces vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women on breast cancer treatment without affecting hormone levels.

People with alopecia areata often have lower vitamin D levels and more inflammation, suggesting vitamin D might be involved in the condition.

Prolactin may affect hair growth differently based on gender and scalp area.

The study found that women with PCOS have more and larger ovarian follicles and differences in ovarian structure, but these features alone can't always diagnose PCOS.

DHT's role in hair loss is important, but measuring its level for diagnosis is questionable.