25 citations
,
September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
121 citations
,
November 2020 in “Endocrine” Male hormones like testosterone may make COVID-19 worse, and testing for sensitivity to these hormones could help predict how severe a patient's symptoms might be. Treatments that reduce these hormones are being explored.
3 citations
,
October 2024 in “Advances in Therapy” Triptorelin effectively treats central precocious puberty in Chinese children with minimal side effects.
23 citations
,
March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” Most patients improved with oral contraceptives, but some needed additional treatment.
22 citations
,
February 2010 in “The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice/Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice” The cause of atypical Cushing's syndrome in dogs, possibly linked to sex hormones, is not yet proven.
February 2026 in “Cureus” Ciclosporin can cause excessive hair growth even with testosterone blockers.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
37 citations
,
November 2002 in “Biology of Reproduction” Prenatal antiandrogen treatment altered hormone levels in adult spotted hyenas, affecting males and females differently.
April 2023 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Sex hormones affect hair growth and loss, and treatments for related hair diseases include various medications, hair transplantation, and light therapy.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
25 citations
,
August 1989 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Birth control pills are effective for treating women with too much male hormone.
January 2026 in “Immunological Reviews” Females generally have stronger immune responses than males due to the X chromosome.
2 citations
,
September 2024 in “Animal Cells and Systems” Hepatitis B virus alters steroid hormones in male mice, reducing dihydrotestosterone to inhibit viral replication.
13 citations
,
December 2012 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
42 citations
,
June 2020 in “Seminars in Oncology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with men often faring worse, and targeting related pathways could offer treatment options.
58 citations
,
November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” SHBG may be a useful early indicator and treatment target for PCOS.
32 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of neurochemistry” Sex hormones affect brain injury differently in males and females.
29 citations
,
January 2006 in “Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine” SHBG binding properties are unchanged in male liver cirrhosis patients.
20 citations
,
June 2007 in “Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery” Certain inhibitors can potentially treat prostate cancer and other hormone-dependent conditions by controlling sex hormone levels in cells.
13 citations
,
December 2018 in “Development, Growth & Differentiation” Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.
4 citations
,
October 2007 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Glucocorticoids and sex hormones affect skin health, with potential for targeted treatments to minimize side effects and treat skin conditions.
1 citations
,
December 2024 in “Bulletin of Osh State University” Mercury can disrupt sex hormones and cause reproductive issues.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
197 citations
,
January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
87 citations
,
March 2011 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Genetics and hormones play a role in male and female hair loss, but more research is needed to fully understand it.
56 citations
,
February 2006 in “American journal of physiology. Cell physiology” Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.
2 citations
,
December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.