3 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.
June 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Men and women respond differently to drugs for COVID-19, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which suggests a need for personalized treatments.
205 citations
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July 2009 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male and female skin differ in many ways, which could lead to gender-specific skin treatments.
152 citations
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December 2007 in “Gender Medicine” Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.
47 citations
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September 2022 in “European Heart Journal” Women may need different blood pressure guidelines than men for heart disease prevention.
27 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research” Women generally handle heart enlargement better than men, but it's riskier for them if it occurs; hormones like estrogen offer some protection.
December 2025 in “Biology” Male and female mice handle stress differently.
October 2025 in “Preprints.org” Male and female mice handle stress differently.
24 citations
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October 2016 in “Oncotarget” Finasteride has a higher risk of reproductive side effects than minoxidil.
22 citations
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January 2021 in “Clinical Therapeutics” Men face more severe COVID-19 outcomes, while women are more likely to have long-term symptoms.
4 citations
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January 2023 in “Journal of Human Hypertension” Women experience more side effects and have worse blood pressure control from hypertension treatments than men, despite using different medications.
110 citations
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January 1984 in “Progress in brain research” Gonadal hormones may influence sex differences in play fighting in animals, but their effect on human spatial behavior is unclear and needs more research.
2 citations
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January 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Sex and sex hormones can affect brain inflammation in Parkinson's disease, with male mice being more affected and female mice showing a protective effect.
52 citations
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March 2022 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have stronger immune responses to COVID-19 than males, leading to better outcomes.
3 citations
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December 2019 in “Biomaterials Research/Biomaterials research” Calcium and magnesium in hair increase with age and are higher in adult women.
January 2026 in “Immunological Reviews” Females generally have stronger immune responses than males due to the X chromosome.
February 2024 in “Heliyon” People with androgenetic alopecia have different lipid levels in their blood, which vary between men and women, and may be linked to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.
1 citations
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September 2023 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Dermatologists are crucial in providing personalized care for patients with sex development differences.
11 citations
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November 2014 in “Behavior Genetics” 7 citations
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November 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” As Japanese males age, their hair darkens due to increased melanin, with males generally having darker hair than females.
24 citations
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July 2016 in “Steroids” Progesterone and testosterone protect brain cells from damage through specific pathways.
28 citations
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November 2017 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Testosterone and its byproducts help support male sexual behavior through different pathways in the brain and body.
6 citations
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July 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Chicken feather gene mutation helps understand human hair disorders.
22 citations
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October 2011 in “Bone” Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.
July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.
19 citations
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November 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone may affect COVID-19 severity differently in men and women, potentially influencing prevention and treatment strategies.
12 citations
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July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Certain sex hormones and antiandrogens can either slow down or speed up the growth of human hair follicle cells depending on their concentration.
January 2024 in “Hypertension research” More research is needed to understand sex and racial differences in long COVID.
131 citations
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September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The document concludes that blocking the internal pathways that create androgens might help treat cancers that depend on sex hormones.
34 citations
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August 2015 in “Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience” Allopregnanolone affects fear responses differently in male and female rats, possibly explaining sex differences in anxiety disorders.