321 citations
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January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
March 2025 in “FEBS Journal” Epiprofin suppresses parathyroid hormone gene activity, helping regulate calcium levels and could be a treatment target for hyperparathyroidism.
11 citations
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January 1992 in “PubMed” TGF-beta 1 and IGF-II mRNA have specific patterns in pig subcutaneous tissue, affecting fat and muscle development.
May 2012 in “F1000Research” Proteins released by cells can promote hair growth in people.
53 citations
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June 1983 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The enzyme is crucial for skin cell development and can be activated without proteolytic activation.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Adrenomedullin 2 stops cell growth and causes cell death in human hair follicles.
23 citations
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July 2012 in “Calcified Tissue International” A single injection of PTH–CBD can increase bone density for up to a year.
43 citations
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April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
2 citations
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June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
12 citations
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September 2007 in “Wound repair and regeneration” Smad2/3-dependent TGF-β signaling increases during wound healing.
11 citations
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December 2018 in “Bone” Removing a methyl group from the ITGAV gene speeds up bone formation in a specific type of bone disease model.
11 citations
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January 1973 in “BMJ” Primary hypothyroidism can mimic pituitary failure but improves with hormone therapy.
16 citations
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June 1992 in “PubMed” Steroid pulse therapy improved symptoms in a man with Satoyoshi syndrome.
91 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Overexpressing SSAT enzyme reduces prostate tumor growth in mice.
2 citations
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October 1999 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Melatonin and cortisol affect mink winter hair growth, but β-endorphin levels do not.
35 citations
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November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Taking thyroid medication reduced the patient's pituitary gland swelling and improved her symptoms.
12 citations
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July 1957 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Giving dihydrotachysterol to mother rats caused skin hardening and bone issues in their babies through milk.
December 2009 in “생명과학회지” Thymosin β4 and VEGF are important for organ function and may help with blood vessel formation.
204 citations
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October 1999 in “EMBO journal” Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.
Higher TGF-β signaling may increase skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients.
May 2022 in “Journal of Immunology” A parasite molecule can speed up skin healing and reduce scarring.
478 citations
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September 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Overexpression of PTHrP in chondrocytes causes short-limbed dwarfism and delayed bone formation in mice.
7 citations
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March 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Some thymic peptides can increase human hair growth, while others may inhibit it.
11 citations
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May 2015 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” Megestrol acetate helps fat-derived stem cells grow, move, and turn into fat cells through a specific receptor.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe insulin resistance improved with treatment, but she still had high testosterone levels due to ovarian issues.
23 citations
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April 1996 in “PubMed” Vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone-related peptide may have important uses in skin treatments.
4 citations
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May 2019 in “Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C” Ishige sinicola extract helps bone-building cells grow and mature, which could aid in treating osteoporosis.
11 citations
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July 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
32 citations
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January 2017 in “PLoS ONE” Adiponectin boosts lipid production in skin cells, potentially helping treat skin conditions with low sebum.